List of people hanged, drawn and quartered

To be hanged, drawn and quartered was a penalty in England, Wales, Ireland and the United Kingdom for several crimes, but mainly for high treason. This method was abolished in 1870.

Date executed	Name	Notes
3 October 1283	Dafydd ap Gruffydd	The last independent ruler of Wales, and the first prominent person to be executed in this manner[1]
23 August 1305	William Wallace	Treason in the Wars of Scottish Independence
1318	Gilbert Middleton	Rebellion and treason[2]
3 March 1323	Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle	Treason in the Wars of Scottish Independence[3]
24 November 1326	Hugh Despenser the Younger	For sodomy; contemporary accounts differ on whether he died from the full sentence of being hanged, drawn, and quartered
4 July 1381	Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader)	Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt[4][5]
15 July 1381	John Ball	Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt[6]
1381–1382	John Buk	Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt[7]
1381–1382	Richard de Leycester	Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt[7]
6 May 1382	John Wrawe	Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt[8]
1388	Thomas Usk	Accused of misleading King Richard II[9]
1400	Thomas Blount	Executed for plotting the overthrow of Henry IV of England in the Epiphany Rising
1401	Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Fychan	Allowed Owain Glyndŵr to escape capture, and therefore disemboweled and dismembered[10]
1404	John Cerle	Killed the Duke of Gloucester and therefore Johannes Cerle was hanged, drawn, and quartered[11]
1459	William Overy	Squire to James, Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire, leader of the Irish Lancastrians; Overy attempted to arrest Richard, Duke of York as a traitor to the (Lancastrian) King Henry VI but was arrested himself, tried before the Duke and hanged, drawn and quartered for treason, as the Duke of York was at the time calling himself Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and so an attack on his person was judged to be treason.[12][13][14]
1539	Richard Whiting (abbot)	The last Abbot of Glastonbury executed on Glastonbury Tor for treason, alongside two of his monks, John Thorne and Roger James who suffered the same fate.
1541	Francis Dereham	Executed for "Succeeding the King in the Queen's affections" [15]
1550	Humphrey Arundell	Executed for leading the Prayer Book Rebellion[16]
1554	Thomas Wyatt the younger	Sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered for Wyatt's rebellion, but the sentence was commuted to beheading[17]
May 1554	William Thomas (scholar)	Accused of planning to murder Mary I of England
1577	Cuthbert Mayne	One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales executed under anti-Catholic laws[18][19]
1577	Edmund Campion	One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales executed under anti-Catholic laws[18][19]
5 July 1581	Matthew Lambert	Miller, known as one of the Wexford Martyrs. Hanged, drawn and quartered in Wexford, Ireland as punishment for aiding the escape of James Eustace, 3rd Viscount Baltinglass and several Catholic priests from Ireland, and for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy.[20][21]
1 December 1581	Alexander Briant	Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[22]
20 September 1586	Anthony Babington	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot[23]
20 September 1586	John Ballard (Jesuit)	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot[24]
20 September 1586	Chidiock Tichborne	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot
20 September 1586	Henry Donn	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot
20 September 1586	Robert Barnewell	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot
20 September 1586	John Savage	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot
1586	Edward Havington	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot, part of the second group which was required by Elizabeth I to hang until "quite dead" before disemboweling and quartering after public outcry at the horror of the drawing and quartering of 20 September 1586[23]
1586	Charles Tilney	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot, hung until "quite dead" before disemboweling and quartering[23]
1586	Edward Jones	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot, hung until "quite dead" before disemboweling and quartering[23]
1586	John Charnock	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot, hung until "quite dead" before disemboweling and quartering[23]
1586	John Travers	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot, hung until "quite dead" before disemboweling and quartering[23]
1586	Jerome Bellamy	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot, hung until "quite dead" before disemboweling and quartering[23]
1586	Robert Gage	Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot, hung until "quite dead" before disemboweling and quartering[23]
24 July 1594	John Boste	Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[25][26]
1595	Roderigo Lopez	English doctor executed for allegedly poisoning Elizabeth I. Later believed to be innocent.
30 January 1606	Everard Digby	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot
30 January 1606	Robert Wintour	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot
30 January 1606	John Grant	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot
30 January 1606	Thomas Bates	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot
30 January 1606	Thomas Wintour	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot
30 January 1606	Ambrose Rookwood	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot
30 January 1606	Robert Keyes	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot
30 January 1606	Guy Fawkes	For involvement in Gunpowder Plot, but he managed to cheat the executioner by jumping from the scaffold while his head was in the noose, breaking his neck.[27][28] His lifeless body was nevertheless drawn and quartered,[29][30] and his body parts distributed to "the four corners of the kingdom".[31]
28 August 1628	Edmund Arrowsmith	Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[32][33]
10 September 1641	Ambrose Barlow	Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[34][35][36]
30 May 1643	George Bouchier	For his activities in the English Civil War[37]
30 May 1643	Robert Yeamans	For his activities in the English Civil War[38]
30 May 1643	Philip Powell	For being a priest[39]
1653	Felim O'Neill of Kinard	Executed for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1641[40][41]
28 June 1654	John Southworth	Cromwell ordered that surgeons sew the corpse back together so that it could be sent to Douai College for burial[42]
7 July 1658	Edward Ashton (colonel)	For the plot against the Lord Protector set on foot by agents of Charles II in 1658, and for complicity in which Sir Henry Slingsby and John Hewet were executed[43]
13 October 1660	Col. Thomas Harrison	For regicide of Charles I
1663	Thomas Oates	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot[44][45]
1663	Samuel Ellis	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	John Nettleton, sr.	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	John Nettleton, jr.	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Robert Scott	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	William Tolson	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	John Forster	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Robert Olroyd	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	John Asquith	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Peregrine Corney	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	John Snowden	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	John Smith	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	William Ash	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	John Errington	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Robert Atkins	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	William Colton	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	George Denham	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Henry Watson	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Richard Wilson	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Ralph Rymer	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1663	Charles Carre	Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot
1678	William Staley	First victim of the Popish Plot[46]
1 July 1681	Oliver Plunkett	Last victim of the Popish Plot
1685	over 200	Charged with treason following the Monmouth Rebellion, their remains were parboiled, tarred, and displayed on poles, trees and lampposts; only when James II conducted a progress through the area were they removed and buried[47]
16 February 1788	Robert Keon	Hanged, drawn, and quartered for murder in a private quarrel[48] John and Henry Sheares, Irish patriots, were hanged on 14 July 1798, outside of Newgate Prison
20 September 1803	Robert Emmet	Hanged and then beheaded once dead[49] for high treason in the Irish Rebellion of 1803.[50][51][52] He was also the last person to be executed in this way

The execution of Hugh Despenser the Younger, as pictured in the Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse

References

Rishanger, William, 1250?–1312? and Henry T. Riley, Willelmi Rishanger, Quondam Monachi S. Albani, Et Quorundam Anonymorum, Chronica Et Annales, Regnantibus Henrico Tertio Et Edwardo Primo, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores (Rolls Series) 28.2, London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1865, p. 104 "David judicialiter condemnatus, tractus et suspensus est, visceribusque combustis, corpus capite truncatum, et in quatuor partes est divisum." (Also at Google Books)
Prestwich, Michael (2004). "Middleton, Sir Gilbert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53089. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Henry Thomas Riley, Thomae Walsingham, Quondam Monachi S. Albani, Historia Anglicana. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863, Vol 1. p. 169 "Deinde tractus, suspensus, et in quartas divisus est; et partes quatuor principalibus civitatibus Angliae sunt transmissae; caput ejus super pontem Londoniarum fixum est, versus partes respiciens Scoticanas."
Aslet, Clive. "Fobbing" in Villages of Britain : The Five Hundred Villages That Made the Countryside. Bloomsbury, 2010.
Randal Bingley, Fobbing, Life and Landscape (Pheon Heritage in association with Thurrock Council Museum, 1997)
Prescott, Andrew (2008) [2004], "Ball, John (d. 1381)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1214, retrieved 22 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Powell, Edgar (1896). The Rising of 1381 in East Anglia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1404665. p. 48
Powell, Edgar (1896). The Rising of 1381 in East Anglia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1404665. p. 25
Waldron, Ronald (2008) [2004], "Usk, Thomas (c.1354–1388)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28030, retrieved 22 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Steffan, Rhobert ap (2006), Llywelyn Ap Gruffydd Fychan, bbc.co.uk, retrieved 22 August 2010
Haydon, Frank Scott, 1822–1887. Eulogium (historiarum Sive Temporis). London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, 1863. Vol 3 p. 402. . "Johannes Cerle tractus, suspensus, et vivus depositus, et tandem ductus Londoniae tractus ibidem et suspensus demum decollatus est atque in quartas divisus."
Gilbert, Sir John Thomas (24 October 1865). "History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times". J. Duffy – via Google Books.
"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Ireland under the Tudors (vol. I), by Richard Bagwell, M.A." www.gutenberg.org.
"The Statutes at Large: From the third year of Edward the Second, A.D. 1310, to the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth years of James the First, A.D. 1612, inclusive". B. Grierson. 24 October 1765 – via Google Books.
Letters and Papers; Weir, Henry VIII, p. 454
Nichols, John Gough (1852). Chronicles of the Grey friars of London. Camden Society, p. 65
Hamilton, Dakota L. (2005) [2004], "Thomas, William (d. 1554)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27242, retrieved 20 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Trudgian, Raymond Francis (2008) [2004], "Mayne, Cuthbert [St Cuthbert Mayne] (bap. 1544, d. 1577)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18440, retrieved 19 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Graves, Michael A. R. (2008) [2004], "Campion, Edmund [St Edmund Campion] (1540–1581)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4539, retrieved 19 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
"Lambert, Matthew | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie.
Lonergan, Aidan. "Wexford Martyrs: 7 facts about Six Irish Catholics hanged, drawn and quartered by Elizabeth I for treason in 1581". The Irish Post.
Simpson, Richard. Edmund Campion: A Biography. New ed., ed., J. Hodges, 1896. p. 457. url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b55231?urlappend=%3Bseq=471
Francis Edwards, S.J., Plots and plotters in the reign of Elizabeth I. (Dublin: Four Courts, 2002), p. 164.
Holinshed 1808, pp. 915–916:
John Ballard a preest, and first persuader of Babington to these odious treasons, was laid aloue vpon an hurdell, and six others two and two in like sort, all drawne from Tower hill through the citie of London, untu a field at the vpper end of Holborne, hard by the high waie side to saint Giles in the field, where was erected a scaffold for their execution, and a paire of gallows of extraordinarie hight ... and although the thousands were thought (and indeed so seemed) to be numberlesse: yet somewhat to note the huge multitude, there were by computation able men enow to giue battell to a strong enimie ... On the first daie the traitors were placed vpon the scaffold, that the one might behold the reward of his fellowes treason. Ballard the preest, who was the first brocher of this treason, was the first that was hanged, who being cut downe (according to judgement) was dismembred, his bellie ript up, his bowels and traitorous heart taken out and throwne into the fire, his head also (seuered from his shoulders) was set on a short stake vpon the top of the gallows, and the trunke of his bodie quartered and imbrued in his owne bloud, wherewith the executioners hands were bathed, and some of the standers by (but to their great loathing, as not able for their liues to auoid it, such was the throng) beesprinkled.
"Publications". 24 October 1908 – via Google Books.
"Oct 25 - The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales".
Northcote Parkinson 1976, pp. 91–92
Fraser 2005, pp. 283
Allen 1973, p. 37
Thompson 2008, p. 102
Guy Fawkes, York Museums Trust, retrieved 16 May 2010
"Arrowsmith [alias Bradshaw, Rigby], Edmund [formerly Bryan] (1585–1628), Jesuit". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/699. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
""The Lancaster priest executed for his zeal", Catholic Herald, 26 August 2010".
Camm, Bede (1907). "Ven. Edward Ambrose Barlow". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
"Blessed Ambrose Barlow, O.S.B." St Ambrose Barlow Website. Archived from the original on 4 August 2003. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Tyldesley, PJ. "Sir Thomas Tyldesley 1612–1651". Tyldesley Family History. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cooper, Thompson (1886). "Bouchier, George". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 4.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Pollard, Albert Frederick (1900). "Yeamans, Robert". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 63. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 68.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Ven. Philip Powel". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
"BBC - Northern Ireland - A Short History". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 January 2009.
"Sir Felim O'Neill - Irish Biography".
Morrill, John (2004), "Southworth, John [St John Southworth] (1592–1654)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/67460, retrieved 19 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). "Ashton, Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Drake, Francis. Eboracum : Or, the History and Antiquities of the City of York, from Its Origin to This Time. Together with an Account of the Ainsty, or County of the Same, and a Description and History of the Cathedral Church, from Its First Foundation to the Present Year. Illustrated with Seventeen Copper-Plates. in Two Volumes. Printed for T. Wilson and R. Spence, High-Ousegate, 1788, vol 1. p. 60.
Hopper, Andrew (June 2002), "The Farnley Wood Plot and the Memory of the Civil Wars in Yorkshire", The Historical Journal, Cambridge University Press, hosted at jstor.org, 45 (2): 281, 296–297, doi:10.1017/s0018246x02002406, JSTOR 3133646, S2CID 159769395
"William Staley (Stayley) - National Portrait Gallery".
Zook 1999, p. 141
James Kelly "'That Damn'd Thing Called Honour'" Cork University Press 1995 pp194-196
"Irish Historical Mysteries: The Grave of Robert Emmet". Retrieved 7 May 2013.
Brooke-Tyrrell, Alma (1983). "Focus on Thomas Street". Dublin Historical Record. 36 (3): 107–117. JSTOR 30100607.
Dawson, T. (1971). "Between the Steps". Dublin Historical Record. 24 (3): 65–75. JSTOR 30103977.
Cobbett, William; Jardine, David (1820). "Cobbett's complete collection of state trials and proceedings for high treason: And other crimes and misdemeanor from the earliest period to the present time ... From the ninth year of the reign of King Henry, the Second, A.D.1163, to ... \George IV, A.D.1820]". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Sources

Allen, Kenneth (1973), The Story of Gunpowder, Wayland, ISBN 978-0-85340-188-9
Feilden, Henry St. Clair (2009) [1910], A Short Constitutional History of England, Read Books, ISBN 978-1-4446-9107-8
Fraser, Antonia (2005) [1996], The Gunpowder Plot, London: Phoenix, ISBN 0-7538-1401-3
Haynes, Alan (2005) [1994], The Gunpowder Plot: Faith in Rebellion, Sparkford, England: Hayes and Sutton, ISBN 0-7509-4215-0
Holinshed, Raphael (1808), Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, vol. 4, London: Johnson
Jesse, John Heneage (1847), Literary and historical memorials of London, vol. 2, Bentley
Northcote Parkinson, C. (1976), Gunpowder Treason and Plot, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-77224-4
Oman, Charles (1906), The Great Revolt of 1381, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Thompson, Irene (2008), The A to Z of Punishment and Torture: From Amputations to Zero Tolerance, Book Guild Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84624-203-8
Wormald, Patrick (2001) [1999], The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century , Legislation and Its Limits, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-22740-7
Zook, Melinda S. (1999), Radical whigs and conspiratorial politics in late Stuart England, Penn State Press, ISBN 0-271-01856-9

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[1] Rishanger, William, 1250?–1312? and Henry T. Riley, Willelmi Rishanger, Quondam Monachi S. Albani, Et Quorundam Anonymorum, Chronica Et Annales, Regnantibus Henrico Tertio Et Edwardo Primo, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores (Rolls Series) 28.2, London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1865, p. 104 "David judicialiter condemnatus, tractus et suspensus est, visceribusque combustis, corpus capite truncatum, et in quatuor partes est divisum." (Also at Google Books)

[2] Prestwich, Michael (2004). "Middleton, Sir Gilbert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53089. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[3] Henry Thomas Riley, Thomae Walsingham, Quondam Monachi S. Albani, Historia Anglicana. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863, Vol 1. p. 169 "Deinde tractus, suspensus, et in quartas divisus est; et partes quatuor principalibus civitatibus Angliae sunt transmissae; caput ejus super pontem Londoniarum fixum est, versus partes respiciens Scoticanas."

[4] Aslet, Clive. "Fobbing" in Villages of Britain : The Five Hundred Villages That Made the Countryside. Bloomsbury, 2010.

[5] Randal Bingley, Fobbing, Life and Landscape (Pheon Heritage in association with Thurrock Council Museum, 1997)

[6] Prescott, Andrew (2008) [2004], "Ball, John (d. 1381)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1214, retrieved 22 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[:0-7] Powell, Edgar (1896). The Rising of 1381 in East Anglia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1404665. p. 48

[8] Powell, Edgar (1896). The Rising of 1381 in East Anglia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1404665. p. 25

[9] Waldron, Ronald (2008) [2004], "Usk, Thomas (c.1354–1388)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28030, retrieved 22 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[10] Steffan, Rhobert ap (2006), Llywelyn Ap Gruffydd Fychan, bbc.co.uk, retrieved 22 August 2010

[11] Haydon, Frank Scott, 1822–1887. Eulogium (historiarum Sive Temporis). London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, 1863. Vol 3 p. 402. . "Johannes Cerle tractus, suspensus, et vivus depositus, et tandem ductus Londoniae tractus ibidem et suspensus demum decollatus est atque in quartas divisus."

[12] Gilbert, Sir John Thomas (24 October 1865). "History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times". J. Duffy – via Google Books.

[13] "The Project Gutenberg eBook of Ireland under the Tudors (vol. I), by Richard Bagwell, M.A." www.gutenberg.org.

[14] "The Statutes at Large: From the third year of Edward the Second, A.D. 1310, to the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth years of James the First, A.D. 1612, inclusive". B. Grierson. 24 October 1765 – via Google Books.

[15] Letters and Papers; Weir, Henry VIII, p. 454

[16] Nichols, John Gough (1852). Chronicles of the Grey friars of London. Camden Society, p. 65

[17] Hamilton, Dakota L. (2005) [2004], "Thomas, William (d. 1554)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27242, retrieved 20 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[odnb_trudgian-18] Trudgian, Raymond Francis (2008) [2004], "Mayne, Cuthbert [St Cuthbert Mayne] (bap. 1544, d. 1577)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18440, retrieved 19 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[odnb_graves-19] Graves, Michael A. R. (2008) [2004], "Campion, Edmund [St Edmund Campion] (1540–1581)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4539, retrieved 19 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[20] "Lambert, Matthew | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie.

[21] Lonergan, Aidan. "Wexford Martyrs: 7 facts about Six Irish Catholics hanged, drawn and quartered by Elizabeth I for treason in 1581". The Irish Post.

[22] Simpson, Richard. Edmund Campion: A Biography. New ed., ed., J. Hodges, 1896. p. 457. url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b55231?urlappend=%3Bseq=471

[:1-23] Francis Edwards, S.J., Plots and plotters in the reign of Elizabeth I. (Dublin: Four Courts, 2002), p. 164.

[24] Holinshed 1808, pp. 915–916:
John Ballard a preest, and first persuader of Babington to these odious treasons, was laid aloue vpon an hurdell, and six others two and two in like sort, all drawne from Tower hill through the citie of London, untu a field at the vpper end of Holborne, hard by the high waie side to saint Giles in the field, where was erected a scaffold for their execution, and a paire of gallows of extraordinarie hight ... and although the thousands were thought (and indeed so seemed) to be numberlesse: yet somewhat to note the huge multitude, there were by computation able men enow to giue battell to a strong enimie ... On the first daie the traitors were placed vpon the scaffold, that the one might behold the reward of his fellowes treason. Ballard the preest, who was the first brocher of this treason, was the first that was hanged, who being cut downe (according to judgement) was dismembred, his bellie ript up, his bowels and traitorous heart taken out and throwne into the fire, his head also (seuered from his shoulders) was set on a short stake vpon the top of the gallows, and the trunke of his bodie quartered and imbrued in his owne bloud, wherewith the executioners hands were bathed, and some of the standers by (but to their great loathing, as not able for their liues to auoid it, such was the throng) beesprinkled.

[25] "Publications". 24 October 1908 – via Google Books.

[26] "Oct 25 - The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales".

[27] Northcote Parkinson 1976, pp. 91–92

[28] Fraser 2005, pp. 283

[29] Allen 1973, p. 37

[30] Thompson 2008, p. 102

[31] Guy Fawkes, York Museums Trust, retrieved 16 May 2010

[odnb-32] "Arrowsmith [alias Bradshaw, Rigby], Edmund [formerly Bryan] (1585–1628), Jesuit". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/699. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[CHerald-33] ""The Lancaster priest executed for his zeal", Catholic Herald, 26 August 2010".

[CammCE-34] Camm, Bede (1907). "Ven. Edward Ambrose Barlow". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

[stambrosebarlow-35] "Blessed Ambrose Barlow, O.S.B." St Ambrose Barlow Website. Archived from the original on 4 August 2003. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

[Tyldesley-36] Tyldesley, PJ. "Sir Thomas Tyldesley 1612–1651". Tyldesley Family History. Retrieved 13 December 2008.

[37] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cooper, Thompson (1886). "Bouchier, George". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 4.

[38] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Pollard, Albert Frederick (1900). "Yeamans, Robert". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 63. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 68.

[39] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Ven. Philip Powel". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[40] "BBC - Northern Ireland - A Short History". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 January 2009.

[41] "Sir Felim O'Neill - Irish Biography".

[42] Morrill, John (2004), "Southworth, John [St John Southworth] (1592–1654)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/67460, retrieved 19 August 2010 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

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