Lomelosia caucasica

Lomelosia caucasica, the Caucasian pincushion flower,[2] pincushion-flower[3] or Caucasian scabious, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Caucasus, north eastern Turkey, and northern Iran. Growing to 60 cm (24 in) tall and broad, it is a clump-forming perennial with grey-green, divided leaves. Pincushion-shaped buds, borne on erect hairy, stems, open to pale blue or lavender flower heads, 4–8 cm (2–3 in) in diameter, from late summer through to autumn.[4]

Lomelosia caucasica
Lomelosia caucasica (syn. Scabiosa caucasica)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Genus: Lomelosia
Species:
L. caucasica
Binomial name
Lomelosia caucasica
(M.Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet
Synonyms[1]
  • Asterocephalus caucasicus (M.Bieb.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 1: 381 (1824)
  • Asterocephalus elegans Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl.: 8 (1816), nom. superfl.
  • Scabiosa caucasica M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 98 (1808)
  • Sclerostemma caucasicum (M.Bieb.) Schott, K.P.J.Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: 84 (1826)
  • Trochocephalus caucasicus (M.Bieb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve, Preslia 46: 133 (1974)
  • Scabiosa caucasea Sims, Bot. Mag. 23: t. 886 (1805), nom. rej. prop.
  • Scabiosa connata Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 128 (1813)
  • Scabiosa elegans Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 24 (1815)
  • Scabiosa grandiflora Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 525 (1841), not validly publ.
  • Sclerostemma connatum Schott, K.P.J.Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: 84 (1826)

It was formerly known as Scabiosa caucasica until 1985, when it became Lomelosia caucasica.[5] It is still listed in some sources as Scabiosa caucasica.[6]

Taxonomy

After a study of the family Dipsacaceae (by Verlaque 1983), the Scabioseae were then split into several genera, with S. caucasica placed in Lomelosia Raf. (Greuter 1985).[7] Further carpological (study of fruit and seeds) and palynological (dust study) studies (Mayer & Ehrendorf er 1999) have further confirmed this view, which has then been further substantiated by more recent data from molecular phylogenetics (Caputo & al. 2004;[8] Avino & al. 2009).[9][5]

The GBIF,[10] and United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, agreed to the name change.[11]

Ecology

The plant is highly attractive to bees and other pollinating insects.[12]

Cultivars

Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, in shades of red, purple, pink, blue and white. The cultivars of 'Clive Greaves',[13] (large, lavender blue),[6] and 'Miss Willmott',[14] (white with tall stems) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[6][15]

Other cultivars include:-

  • 'Blue Perfection' (blue)
  • 'Bressingham White' (white)
  • 'Claire Greaves' (lavender blue)
  • 'Compliment' (large blue)
  • 'Fama' (large lavender blue)
  • 'Floral Queen' (light blue)
  • 'Loddon White' (white)
  • 'Moonbeam Blue' (dark blue)
  • 'Mrs Isaac House' (creamy white)
  • 'Perfecta' (dark lavender blue)
  • 'Perfecta Alba Blanc' (white)
  • 'Staefa' (blue)

References
  1. "Lomelosia caucasica (M.Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  2. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Scabiosa caucasica". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  3. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  5. Lack, H. Walter (17 July 2018). "The discovery and naming of Lomelosia caucasica (Dipsacaceae) with notes on its nomenclature and its early cultivation". Willdenowia. 48 (2): 185–194. doi:10.3372/wi.48.48202. S2CID 91252940.
  6. James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey and J. M. H. Shaw (editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification ... (2011), p. 360, at Google Books
  7. Greuter W. & Raus Th. (ed.), Med-Checklist Notulae, 11. — Willdenowia 15: 61–84. 1985
  8. Caputo P., Cozzolino S. & Moretti A. 2004: Molecular phylogenetics of Dipsacaceae reveals [sic] parallel trends in seed dispersal syndromes. — Pl. Syst. Evol. 246: 163–175.
  9. Avino M., Tortoriello G. & Caputo P. 2009: A phylogenetic analysis of Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) based on four DNA regions. — Pl. Syst. Evol. 279: 69–86.
  10. "Lomelosia caucasica (M.Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  11. "Lomelosia caucasica (M. Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet GRIN-Global". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  12. Bourne, Val. "Telegraph - how to grow - Scabiosa caucasica". Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  13. "RHS Plant Selector - Scabiosa caucasica 'Clive Greaves'". Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  14. "RHS Plant Selector - Scabiosa caucasica 'Miss Willmott'". Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  15. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 95. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

Other sources
  • Botanica, Einjährige und mehrjährige Pflanzen, Über 2000 Pflanzenporträts, ISBN 978-3-8331-4469-1, paĝe 790 (German)
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