John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland

John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland, KG, GCB, PC (13 December 1818 – 4 August 1906), known as Lord John Manners before 1888, was a British statesman.

His Grace
The Duke of Rutland
KG GCB PC
The Duke of Rutland, c. 1900-06
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
16 August 1886 – 11 August 1892
MonarchVictoria
Prime MinisterThe Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded byThe Viscount Cranbrook
Succeeded byJames Bryce
Personal details
Born(1818-12-13)13 December 1818
Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire
Died4 August 1906(1906-08-04) (aged 87)
Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire
NationalityBritish
Political partyConservative
Spouses
Catherine Marley
​
​
(m. 1851; died 1854)​
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1862; died 1899)​
    Children8, including Henry, Edward, and Cecil
    Parent(s)John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland
    Lady Elizabeth Howard
    Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge
    Garter-encircled arms of John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland, KG, GCB, PC

    Youth and poetry

    Rutland was born at Belvoir Castle, the younger son of John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, by Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland, was his elder brother and Lord George Manners his younger brother. He was educated at Eton College, then entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1836.[1] At Cambridge, he was a member of the University Pitt Club.[2] He graduated MA in 1839, and was later awarded the honorary degrees of LLD by the same university in 1862, and DCL by Oxford in 1876.[1]

    He wrote two books of poetry: England's Trust and Other Poems, published in 1841, and English Ballads and Other Poems, published in 1850. The 1841 book contains his famous quote: "Let wealth and commerce, laws and learning die, But leave us still our old Nobility!"[3] The 1850 book contains his poem "A Legend of Haddon Hall."[4]

    Political career
    Painting by Walter William Ouless.

    In 1841 Rutland was returned for Newark in the Tory interest, along with William Ewart Gladstone, and sat for that borough until 1847. Subsequently, he sat for Colchester, 1850–57; for North Leicestershire, 1857–85; and for Melton from 1885 until, in 1888, he took his seat in the House of Lords upon succeeding to the dukedom.[5]

    Young England

    In the early 1840s, Manners was a leading figure in the Young England movement, led by Benjamin Disraeli. This party sought to reduce the predominance of the middle class bourgeoisie, and to re-create the political prestige of the aristocracy by proving its capacity to ameliorate the social, intellectual, and material condition of the peasantry and the labouring classes. At the same time its members looked for a regeneration of the Church, and the rescue of both the Church and Ireland from the troubles inherited from the Whig predominance of the 18th century. Manners made an extensive tour of inspection in the industrial parts of northern England, in the course of which he and his friend George Smythe, later 7th Viscount Strangford, gave well-received speeches. In 1843 he supported Lord Grey's motion for an inquiry into the condition of England, the serious disaffection of the working classes of the north being a subject to which he was constantly drawing the attention of parliament. Among other measures that he urged were the disestablishment of the Irish Church, the modification of the Statutes of Mortmain, and the resumption of regular diplomatic relations with the Vatican. In the same year he issued in pamphlet form a strong Plea for National Holydays.[5][6]

    In 1844 Lord John vigorously supported the Factories Act ("Ten-hours Bill"), which, though strongly opposed by Manchester representatives, was ultimately passed in May 1847. In October 1844 he took part in, and spoke at, the soirée held at the Manchester Athenaeum under the presidency of Disraeli. A few days later, he and his friends attended a festival at Bingley, in Yorkshire, to celebrate the allotment of land for gardens to working men, a step which, through the agency of his father, he had done a great deal to further.[1][5]

    However, divergences of opinion starting in 1845 eventually led to the disruption of the movement.[7]

    Cabinet

    During the three short administrations of Lord Derby (1852, 1858–59, and 1866–68) he sat in the cabinet as First Commissioner of Works. In 1852 he was admitted to the Privy Council. On the return of the Conservatives to power in 1874, he became Postmaster-General under Disraeli, and was made GCB on his retirement in 1880. He was again Postmaster-General in Lord Salisbury's administration, 1885–86, and was head of the department when sixpenny telegrams were introduced. Finally, in the Conservative government of 1886–92 he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.[5] He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1891. In 1896 he was created Baron Roos of Belvoir, in the County of Leicester, when his son Henry Manners was summoned to the House of Lords by a writ of acceleration in his father’s title of Baron Manners.

    He was patron of Saint Martin's League for letter carriers.

    Sporting interests

    He had a sympathetic interest in the Olympian Games movement of William Penny Brookes, first shown when he joined a party with his first cousin Lord Forester that viewed the first Wenlock Olympian Games at Much Wenlock in 1850. He there and then donated a cash prize of £1 (worth approximately £80 in 2017)[8] to the committee, who awarded it to the winner of a running race.[6] He was a member of the council of the fourth National Olympian Games that were held, again at Much Wenlock, in 1874.[9] In 1883 he was president of Wenlock Olympian Games themselves that year.[10]

    Family
    Portrait of his second wife, Janetta, Duchess of Rutland

    Rutland married firstly Catherine Louisa Georgina, daughter of Colonel George Marlay and Catherine Louisa Tisdall, and granddaughter of George Marlay, Bishop of Dromore, in 1851. They had two children:

    Catherine died in childbirth in April 1854. She was buried with her infant daughter in Highgate Cemetery.

    Rutland married secondly Janetta Hughan, daughter of Thomas Hughan, in 1862. They had seven children, including:

    His second family also had a Scottish property: St Mary's Tower in Dunkeld.[15]

    Rutland succeeded to the dukedom of Rutland in March 1888, upon the death of his elder brother. The Duchess of Rutland died in July 1899. Rutland survived her by seven years and died on 4 August 1906, aged 87, at Belvoir Castle.

    Ancestry

    References
    1. "Manners, Lord John James Rutland (MNRS836LJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
    2. Fletcher, Walter Morley (2011) [1935]. The University Pitt Club: 1835–1935 (First Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-1-107-60006-5.
    3. Manners, John. England's Trust and Other Poems, 'Haddon Hall Books, 1841, accessed 20 October 2010
    4. Manners, John. English Ballads and Other Poems, 'Haddon Hall Books, 1850, accessed 20 October 2010
    5. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rutland, John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 943–944.
    6. Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock, William Penny Brookes and the British origins of the modern Olympics. DB Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-85983-967-6.
    7. Chisholm 1911.
    8. "National Archives Currency Converter".
    9. Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock. p. 88.
    10. Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock. pp. 108, 184.
    11. England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915
    12. England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations),
    13. "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36927. London. 17 November 1902. p. 6.
    14. SCOTT, Lord George (William Montagu-Douglas-), Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2016 (online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014)
    15. Perth Post Office Directory 1865: Noblemen and Country Gentlemen's Seats
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