Louise Chow

Louise Tsi Chow (Chinese: 周芷; pinyin: Zhōu Zhǐ)[1] is a professor of biochemistry and molecular genetics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and a foreign associate with the National Academy of Sciences, known for her research on the human papillomavirus.[2] Her research contributed to the discovery of gene splicing, and in 1993, her collaborator, Richard J. Roberts, received the Nobel Prize for the research,[3] leading some to assert that Chow should have received the honor as well.[4][5]

Louise Tsi Chow
Born
Hunan, China
CitizenshipRepublic of China (Taiwan)
Alma materNational Taiwan University, California Institute of Technology
Known forRNA splicing
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry, Molecular genetics
InstitutionsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco
Doctoral advisorNorman Davidson

Biography

Chow was born in Hunan Province, Republic of China.[3] Her father Chou Te-wei (周德偉) was a well known economist who worked in the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of China on Taiwan.[6]

She studied agricultural chemistry at National Taiwan University, graduating in 1965 before moving to California to pursue graduate studies in chemistry at the California Institute of Technology, earning her Ph.D in 1973.[3] She then undertook post-doctoral training at the University of California, San Francisco, researching the monkey tumor virus SV40.[2]

She and her husband, fellow scientist Thomas Broker, joined Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in 1975. It was here that, in the process of studying the genetic organization, DNA transcription, and RNA translation of adenoviruses, she and her colleagues discovered RNA splicing in 1977.[2] This finding led to her collaborator, Richard Roberts, winning the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Phillip Sharp from MIT whose team independently made the discovery). Many feel that Chow deserved a share of the prize (see Nobel Prize controversy).[7]

In 1984, she took a job with the University of Rochester School of Medicine, studying the genome of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Chow became a professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in 1993, studying genetics and virology, focusing on diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and AIDS.[3]

At UAB, Chow developed a method to produce large amounts of one of the most dominant cancer-causing HPV strains, HPV-18, in the laboratory, enabling her and her team to study HPV's entire replicative cycle.[8]

Nobel Prize controversy

In 1993, her collaborator at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Richard J. Roberts, was awarded the Nobel Prize, along with researcher Phillip Sharp, for the discovery of RNA splicing. Roberts called the award a "tribute" to his co-workers, including Chow.[9] However, other scientists felt that Chow, who operated the electron microscope that allowed researchers to observe the splicing process, should have been included among the scientists awarded the Nobel Prize for the research. Chow told the Boston Globe that her contributions "were not trivial ... it was a new type of experiment and needed to be designed and set up."[7]

Key publications
  • Chow, L. T.; Gelinas, R. E.; Broker, T. R.; Roberts, R. J. (September 1977). "An amazing sequence arrangement at the 5' ends of adenovirus 2 messenger RNA". Cell. 12 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(77)90180-5. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 902310. S2CID 2099968.

Selected honors

References
  1. "周芷 Louis Tsi Chow". Academia Sinica. Archived from the original on 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
  2. Thannickal, Beena (May 3, 2012). "UAB Professor Louise Chow elected to National Academy of Scientists". University of Alabama at Birmingham. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  3. "Louise Chow, Ph.D." University of Alabama at Birmingham. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  4. "Ulf Pettersson on Rich Roberts' Nobel Prize". Oral History Collection. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  5. "The Women Who Discovered RNA Splicing". American Scientist. 2020-08-17. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  6. "周芷小檔案". Liberty Times. 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
  7. Anthony Flint (5 November 1993) "Behind Nobel, A Struggle for Recognition Some Scientists Say Colleague of Beverly Researcher Deserved A Share of Medical Prize". Archived from the original on June 6, 2004. Retrieved 2015-09-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Boston Globe.
  8. "UAB researchers report breakthrough in HPV research". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
  9. "Richard J. Roberts banquet speech". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
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