Lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate
Lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate, also known as LYSO, is an inorganic chemical compound with main use as a scintillator crystal for gamma radiation detection.[3] Its chemical formula is Lu2(1-x)Y2xSiO5. The percentage of yttrium varies considerably, with values in the literature ranging from 5% to 70%.[4] It is commonly used to build screens and electromagnetic calorimeters in particle physics. LYSO crystals have the advantages of high light output and density, quick decay time, excellent energy resolution.[5] The crystals are often grown in boules using the Czochralski process, and cutting or polishing can be challenging because LYSO is brittle and hard.[6]
| Density (g/cm3) | 4.44 to 7.4 |
| Effective Atomic Number | 66 |
| Radiation length (cm) | 1.14 |
| Decay Constant (ns) | 40-44 |
| Peak Emission (nm) | 428 |
| Light Yield (Relative BGO=100%) | 190 |
| Index of Refraction | 1.82 |
| Peak excitation (nm) | 375 |
| Radiation Hardness (rad) | >106 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 2050 |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5.8 |
| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Properties | |
| Lu2(1-x)Y2xSiO5 | |
| Density | Between 4.44 g/cm3 [1] and 7.4 g/cm3,[2] depending on Y/Lu ratio |
| Melting point | 2,047 °C (3,717 °F; 2,320 K) |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.82 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
References
- "Yttrium Orthosilicate - Y2SiO5 | Scientific Materials | YSO LASER Materials".
- Daghighian, F.; Shenderov, P.; Pentlow, K.S.; Graham, M.C.; Eshaghian, B.; Melcher, C.L.; Schweitzer, J.S. (August 1993). "Evaluation of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals for PET" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 40 (4): 1045–1047. Bibcode:1993ITNS...40.1045D. doi:10.1109/23.256710. S2CID 28011497. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
- Lowdon, Matthew; Martin, Peter G.; Hubbard, M.W.J.; Taggart, M.P.; Connor, Dean T.; Verbelen, Yannick; Sellins, P.J.; Scott, Thomas B. (2019). "Evaluation of Scintillator Detection Materials for Application within Airborne Environmental Radiation Monitoring". Sensors. 18 (8): 13. Bibcode:2019Senso..19.3828L. doi:10.3390/s19183828. PMC 6767284. PMID 31487922.
- Radiation Detection and Measurement, p. 249, at Google Books
- Chen, Jianming; Mao, Rihua; Zhang, Liyuan; Zhu, Ren-Yuan (2007). "Large Size LSO and LYSO Crystals for Future High Energy Physics Experiments" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 4 (3): 718–724. Bibcode:2007ITNS...54..718C. doi:10.1109/TNS.2007.897823. S2CID 6606410.
- Shang, Xi; Xie, Qiangqiang; Xie, Siwei; Yu, Xin; Xu, Jianfeng; Peng, Qiyu (2021). "A Novel Portable Gamma Radiation Sensor Based on a Monolithic Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate Ring". Sensors. 21 (10): 16. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.3376Z. doi:10.3390/s21103376. PMC 8150370. PMID 34066224.
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