Isotopes of lutetium

Isotopes of lutetium (₇₁Lu)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Lu)
	174.9668±0.0001; 174.97±0.01 (abridged)[2][3];

Naturally occurring lutetium (₇₁Lu) is composed of one stable isotope ¹⁷⁵Lu (97.41% natural abundance) and one long-lived radioisotope, ¹⁷⁶Lu with a half-life of 3.78 × 10¹⁰ years (2.59% natural abundance). Forty radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable, besides ¹⁷⁶Lu, being ¹⁷⁴Lu with a half-life of 3.31 years, and ¹⁷³Lu with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half an hour. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being ^177mLu (t_1/2 160.4 days), ^174mLu (t_1/2 142 days) and ^178mLu (t_1/2 23.1 minutes).

The isotopes of lutetium range in mass number from 149 to 184. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁷⁵Lu, is electron capture (with some alpha and positron emission), and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before ¹⁷⁵Lu are isotopes of ytterbium and the primary products after are isotopes of hafnium. All isotopes of lutetium are either radioactive or, in the case of ¹⁷⁵Lu, observationally stable, meaning that ¹⁷⁵Lu is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.[4]

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life [n 4][n 5]	Decay mode [n 6]	Daughter isotope [n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 5]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide [n 1]	Excitation energy[n 5]			Half-life [n 4][n 5]	Decay mode [n 6]	Daughter isotope [n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 5]	Normal proportion	Range of variation
¹⁴⁹Lu[5]	71	78		450+170 −100 ns	p	¹⁴⁸Yb	11/2−
¹⁵⁰Lu	71	79	149.97323(54)#	43(5) ms	p (80%)	¹⁴⁹Yb	(2+)
¹⁵⁰Lu	71	79	149.97323(54)#	43(5) ms	β⁺ (20%)	¹⁵⁰Yb	(2+)
^150mLu	34(15) keV			80(60) μs [30(+95−15) μs]	p	¹⁴⁹Yb	(1, 2)
¹⁵¹Lu	71	80	150.96757682	80.6(5) ms	p (63.4%)	¹⁵⁰Yb	(11/2−)
¹⁵¹Lu	71	80	150.96757682	80.6(5) ms	β⁺ (36.6%)	¹⁵¹Yb	(11/2−)
^151mLu	77(5) keV			16(1) μs	p	¹⁵⁰Yb	(3/2+)
¹⁵²Lu	71	81	151.96412(21)#	650(70) ms	β⁺ (85%)	¹⁵²Yb	(5−, 6−)
¹⁵²Lu	71	81	151.96412(21)#	650(70) ms	β⁺, p (15%)	¹⁵¹Tm	(5−, 6−)
¹⁵³Lu	71	82	152.95877(22)	0.9(2) s	α (70%)	¹⁴⁹Tm	11/2−
¹⁵³Lu	71	82	152.95877(22)	0.9(2) s	β⁺ (30%)	¹⁵³Yb	11/2−
^153m1Lu	80(5) keV			1# s	IT	¹⁵³Lu	1/2+
^153m2Lu	2502.5(4) keV			>0.1 μs	IT	¹⁵³Lu	23/2−
^153m3Lu	2632.9(5) keV			15(3) μs	IT	^153m2Lu	27/2−
¹⁵⁴Lu	71	83	153.95752(22)#	1# s	β⁺	¹⁵⁴Yb	(2−)
^154m1Lu	58(13) keV			1.12(8) s			(9+)
^154m2Lu	>2562 keV			35(3) μs			(17+)
¹⁵⁵Lu	71	84	154.954316(22)	68.6(16) ms	α (76%)	¹⁵¹Tm	(11/2−)
¹⁵⁵Lu	71	84	154.954316(22)	68.6(16) ms	β⁺ (24%)	¹⁵⁵Yb	(11/2−)
^155m1Lu	20(6) keV			138(8) ms	α (88%)	¹⁵¹Tm	(1/2+)
^155m1Lu	20(6) keV			138(8) ms	β⁺ (12%)	¹⁵⁵Yb	(1/2+)
^155m2Lu	1781.0(20) keV			2.70(3) ms			(25/2−)
¹⁵⁶Lu	71	85	155.95303(8)	494(12) ms	α (95%)	¹⁵²Tm	(2)−
¹⁵⁶Lu	71	85	155.95303(8)	494(12) ms	β⁺ (5%)	¹⁵⁶Yb	(2)−
^156mLu	220(80)# keV			198(2) ms	α (94%)	¹⁵²Tm	(9)+
^156mLu	220(80)# keV			198(2) ms	β⁺ (6%)	¹⁵⁶Yb	(9)+
¹⁵⁷Lu	71	86	156.950098(20)	6.8(18) s	β⁺	¹⁵⁷Yb	(1/2+, 3/2+)
¹⁵⁷Lu	71	86	156.950098(20)	6.8(18) s	α	¹⁵³Tm	(1/2+, 3/2+)
^157mLu	21.0(20) keV			4.79(12) s	β⁺ (94%)	¹⁵⁷Yb	(11/2−)
^157mLu	21.0(20) keV			4.79(12) s	α (6%)	¹⁵³Tm	(11/2−)
¹⁵⁸Lu	71	87	157.949313(16)	10.6(3) s	β⁺ (99.09%)	¹⁵⁸Yb	2−
¹⁵⁸Lu	71	87	157.949313(16)	10.6(3) s	α (.91%)	¹⁵⁴Tm	2−
¹⁵⁹Lu	71	88	158.94663(4)	12.1(10) s	β⁺ (99.96%)	¹⁵⁹Yb	1/2+#
¹⁵⁹Lu	71	88	158.94663(4)	12.1(10) s	α (.04%)	¹⁵⁵Tm	1/2+#
^159mLu	100(80)# keV			10# s			11/2−#
¹⁶⁰Lu	71	89	159.94603(6)	36.1(3) s	β⁺	¹⁶⁰Yb	2−#
¹⁶⁰Lu	71	89	159.94603(6)	36.1(3) s	α (10⁻⁴%)	¹⁵⁶Tm	2−#
^160mLu	0(100)# keV			40(1) s
¹⁶¹Lu	71	90	160.94357(3)	77(2) s	β⁺	¹⁶¹Yb	1/2+
^161mLu	166(18) keV			7.3(4) ms	IT	¹⁶¹Lu	(9/2−)
¹⁶²Lu	71	91	161.94328(8)	1.37(2) min	β⁺	¹⁶²Yb	(1−)
^162m1Lu	120(200)# keV			1.5 min	β⁺	¹⁶²Yb	4−#
^162m1Lu	120(200)# keV			1.5 min	IT (rare)	¹⁶²Lu	4−#
^162m2Lu	300(200)# keV			1.9 min
¹⁶³Lu	71	92	162.94118(3)	3.97(13) min	β⁺	¹⁶³Yb	1/2(+)
¹⁶⁴Lu	71	93	163.94134(3)	3.14(3) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁴Yb	1(−)
¹⁶⁵Lu	71	94	164.939407(28)	10.74(10) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁵Yb	1/2+
¹⁶⁶Lu	71	95	165.93986(3)	2.65(10) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁶Yb	(6−)
^166m1Lu	34.37(5) keV			1.41(10) min	EC (58%)	¹⁶⁶Yb	3(−)
^166m1Lu	34.37(5) keV			1.41(10) min	IT (42%)	¹⁶⁶Lu	3(−)
^166m2Lu	42.9(5) keV			2.12(10) min			0(−)
¹⁶⁷Lu	71	96	166.93827(3)	51.5(10) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁷Yb	7/2+
^167mLu	0(30)# keV			>1 min			1/2(−#)
¹⁶⁸Lu	71	97	167.93874(5)	5.5(1) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁸Yb	(6−)
^168mLu	180(110) keV			6.7(4) min	β⁺ (95%)	¹⁶⁸Yb	3+
^168mLu	180(110) keV			6.7(4) min	IT (5%)	¹⁶⁸Lu	3+
¹⁶⁹Lu	71	98	168.937651(6)	34.06(5) h	β⁺	¹⁶⁹Yb	7/2+
^169mLu	29.0(5) keV			160(10) s	IT	¹⁶⁹Lu	1/2−
¹⁷⁰Lu	71	99	169.938475(18)	2.012(20) d	β⁺	¹⁷⁰Yb	0+
^170mLu	92.91(9) keV			670(100) ms	IT	¹⁷⁰Lu	(4)−
¹⁷¹Lu	71	100	170.9379131(30)	8.24(3) d	β⁺	¹⁷¹Yb	7/2+
^171mLu	71.13(8) keV			79(2) s	IT	¹⁷¹Lu	1/2−
¹⁷²Lu	71	101	171.939086(3)	6.70(3) d	β⁺	¹⁷²Yb	4−
^172m1Lu	41.86(4) keV			3.7(5) min	IT	¹⁷²Lu	1−
^172m2Lu	65.79(4) keV			0.332(20) μs			(1)+
^172m3Lu	109.41(10) keV			440(12) μs			(1)+
^172m4Lu	213.57(17) keV			150 ns			(6−)
¹⁷³Lu	71	102	172.9389306(26)	1.37(1) y	EC	¹⁷³Yb	7/2+
^173mLu	123.672(13) keV			74.2(10) μs			5/2−
¹⁷⁴Lu	71	103	173.9403375(26)	3.31(5) y	β⁺	¹⁷⁴Yb	(1)−
^174m1Lu	170.83(5) keV			142(2) d	IT (99.38%)	¹⁷⁴Lu	6−
^174m1Lu	170.83(5) keV			142(2) d	EC (.62%)	¹⁷⁴Yb	6−
^174m2Lu	240.818(4) keV			395(15) ns			(3+)
^174m3Lu	365.183(6) keV			145(3) ns			(4−)
¹⁷⁵Lu	71	104	174.9407718(23)	Observationally stable[n 9]			7/2+	0.9741(2)
^175m1Lu	1392.2(6) keV			984(30) μs			(19/2+)
^175m2Lu	353.48(13) keV			1.49(7) μs			5/2−
¹⁷⁶Lu[n 10][n 11]	71	105	175.9426863(23)	38.5(7)×10⁹ y	β⁻	¹⁷⁶Hf	7−	0.0259(2)
^176mLu	122.855(6) keV			3.664(19) h	β⁻ (99.9%)	¹⁷⁶Hf	1−
^176mLu	122.855(6) keV			3.664(19) h	EC (.095%)	¹⁷⁶Yb	1−
¹⁷⁷Lu	71	106	176.9437581(23)	6.6475(20) d	β⁻	¹⁷⁷Hf	7/2+
^177m1Lu	150.3967(10) keV			130(3) ns			9/2−
^177m2Lu	569.7068(16) keV			155(7) μs			1/2+
^177m3Lu	970.1750(24) keV			160.44(6) d	β⁻ (78.3%)	¹⁷⁷Hf	23/2−
^177m3Lu	970.1750(24) keV			160.44(6) d	IT (21.7%)	¹⁷⁷Lu	23/2−
^177m4Lu	3900(10) keV			7(2) min [6(+3−2) min]			39/2−
¹⁷⁸Lu	71	107	177.945955(3)	28.4(2) min	β⁻	¹⁷⁸Hf	1(+)
^178mLu	123.8(26) keV			23.1(3) min	β⁻	¹⁷⁸Hf	9(−)
¹⁷⁹Lu	71	108	178.947327(6)	4.59(6) h	β⁻	¹⁷⁹Hf	7/2(+)
^179mLu	592.4(4) keV			3.1(9) ms	IT	¹⁷⁹Lu	1/2(+)
¹⁸⁰Lu	71	109	179.94988(8)	5.7(1) min	β⁻	¹⁸⁰Hf	5+
^180m1Lu	13.9(3) keV			~1 s	IT	¹⁸⁰Lu	3−
^180m2Lu	624.0(5) keV			≥1 ms			(9−)
¹⁸¹Lu	71	110	180.95197(32)#	3.5(3) min	β⁻	¹⁸¹Hf	(7/2+)
¹⁸²Lu	71	111	181.95504(21)#	2.0(2) min	β⁻	¹⁸²Hf	(0,1,2)
¹⁸³Lu	71	112	182.95736(9)	58(4) s	β⁻	¹⁸³Hf	(7/2+)
¹⁸⁴Lu	71	113	183.96103(22)#	20(3) s	β⁻	¹⁸⁴Hf	(3+)
¹⁸⁵Lu	71	114	184.96354(32)#	20# s			7/2+#
¹⁸⁶Lu	71	115	185.96745(43)#	6# s
¹⁸⁷Lu	71	116	186.97019(43)#	7# s			7/2+#
¹⁸⁸Lu	71	117	187.97443(43)#	1# s
¹⁸⁹Lu[6]	71	118
This table header & footer:

^mLu – Excited nuclear isomer.
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷¹Tm
primordial radionuclide
Used in lutetium-hafnium dating

Lutetium-177

Lutetium (¹⁷⁷Lu) chloride, sold under the brand name Lumark among others, is used for radiolabeling other medicines, either as an anti-cancer therapy or for scintigraphy (medical radio-imaging). Its most common side effects are anaemia (low red blood cell counts), thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts), leucopenia (low white blood cell counts), lymphopenia (low levels of lymphocytes, a particular type of white blood cell), nausea (feeling sick), vomiting and mild and temporary hair loss.[7][8]

References

Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
"Standard Atomic Weights: Lutetium". CIAAW. 2007.
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098.
Auranen, K. (16 March 2022). "Nanosecond-Scale Proton Emission from Strongly Oblate-Deformed 149Lu". Physical Review Letters. 128 (11): 2501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.112501. PMID 35363028.
Haak, K.; Tarasov, O. B.; Chowdhury, P.; et al. (2023). "Production and discovery of neutron-rich isotopes by fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt". Physical Review C. 108 (034608). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.108.034608.
"Lumark EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
"EndolucinBeta EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[5] Lu – Excited nuclear isomer.

[6] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-7] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[8] Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.

[TNN-9] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[10] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[11] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[12] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[14] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷¹Tm

[15] rimordial radionuclide

[16] Used in lutetium-hafnium dating

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Lutetium". CIAAW. 2007.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[bellidecay-4] Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098.

[13F-13] Auranen, K. (16 March 2022). "Nanosecond-Scale Proton Emission from Strongly Oblate-Deformed 149Lu". Physical Review Letters. 128 (11): 2501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.112501. PMID 35363028.

[PRC108-17] Haak, K.; Tarasov, O. B.; Chowdhury, P.; et al. (2023). "Production and discovery of neutron-rich isotopes by fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt". Physical Review C. 108 (034608). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.108.034608.

[Lumark_EPAR-18] "Lumark EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

[EndolucinBeta_EPAR-19] "EndolucinBeta EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.