Luxembourg rebellion

Following World War I, a wave of revolutions across Europe led to a failed communist rebellion in Luxembourg in November 1918. Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde was deeply unpopular for her perceived support for the German occupation of Luxembourg (which had violated Luxembourg's neutrality in the war) and for dissolving the Chamber of Deputies which was seen by some as resembling a coup d'état. By the end of the war, Marie-Adélaïde was under strong pressure to abdicate from the Luxembourgish people as well as the governments of neighbouring France and Belgium. Another rebellion on December 1919 saw a group of soldiers attempted a Mutiny in the Luxembourg City Barracks. This was put down as police forces engaged. [1]

On 9 January 1919, a group of socialist and liberal Deputies publicly proclaimed a republic in Luxembourg after losing a vote in parliament to abolish the monarchy. A crowd gathered outside the capitol in Luxembourg City and eventually charged at the guards outside the building.[2] The Luxembourg Army was called, with about 200 soldiers in two companies responding to the unrest. Unable to defend from the crowd, one company refused orders then joined the rebellion, while the other company of police officers stayed loyal. The Army occupied the capitol and proclaimed the "Republic of Luxembourg", causing the Luxembourg government to evacuate and appeal to France for assistance. On 10 January, 1919 the well-equipped and well-trained forces from the French Army under the command of General de La Tour entered Luxembourg City and engaged in a battle for the capitol. The rebellion was short-lived as the Luxembourgish revolutionaries were quickly defeated, retreating and falling into chaos.

After the French secured the capital, the government of Luxembourg was reinstalled into power. However, Marie-Adélaïde finally stepped down as Grand Duchess on 14 January and fled into exile.[3] Marie-Adélaïde was replaced with her younger sister, Charlotte, whose accession to the throne and an amendment to the Constitution of Luxembourg led to a stabilization of the political situation in Luxembourg. In addition in September Luxembourg then had the 1919 Luxembourg referendum in which the public overwhelmingly voted to keep the monarchy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7I8kdzH2LA (documentary about Luxembourg)

https://monarchie.lu/en/monarchy/history-luxembourg-and-its-dynasties

https://today.rtl.lu/luxembourg-insider/history/a/1690130.html