Cape wolf snake

The Cape wolf snake (Lycophidion capense) is a species of oviparous,[2][3] nonvenomous snake which occurs over a wide area of Southern, Central, and East Africa.[2][4] Though docile and harmless, it may be confused with the very venomous stiletto snake.[5]

Cape wolf snake
At Lower Sabie, southern Kruger National Park
Ventral aspect on an individual from Pretoria, Gauteng
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Lamprophiidae
Genus: Lycophidion
Species:
L. capense
Binomial name
Lycophidion capense
(A. Smith, 1831)[2]
IUCN range
  Extant (resident)
Synonyms
  • Lycodon capensis
    A. Smith, 1831
  • Lycophidium capense
    — Boulenger, 1893
  • Lycophidion capense
    — Laurent, 1968[2]

Subspecies

The species contains three subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies, L. c. capense:[2]

  • Lycophidion capense capense (A. Smith, 1831)
  • Lycophidion capense jacksoni (Boulenger, 1893)
  • Lycophidion capense loveridgei Laurent, 1968

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Lycophidion.

Description

Adults regularly reach 40 cm in length,[5] but some grow to 64 cm. It has a flattened, tapering head and marbled eye. The brown or black lateral and dorsal scales are tipped white,[6] while the ventral scales are all-white. Long recurved fangs are present on the upper as well as lower jaws,[5] for which they are named.

Diet and behaviour

They are widely distributed but prefer damp locations,[5] with lowland forest and fynbos being preferred habitats. They feed mostly on geckos and skinks which they bite and kill by constriction.[3] They are believed to reach an age of 15 to 20 years.[6]

References
  1. Howell, K.; Msuya, C.A.; Ngalason, W.; Baha El Din, S. (2021). "Lycophidion capense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T183201A1733864. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T183201A1733864.en. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  2. Lycophidion capense at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 17 March 2021.
  3. Carruthers, Vincent (2005). The Wildlife of Southern Africa: A Field Guide to the Animal and Plants of the Region. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. p. 92. ISBN 1-86872-451-4.
  4. "Lycophidion capense (Smith, 1831)". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  5. "This is a Wolf... snake". Facebook. Bionerds.co.za. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  6. "Lycophidion capense (Common wolf snake, Cape wolf snake)". biodiversity explorer. iziko museums. Retrieved 15 May 2018.

Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lycophidion capense.
  • Boulenger GA. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Lycophidium capense, pp. 339–340; Lycophidium jacksoni, new species, p. 340 + Plate XXI, figure 3).
  • Branch, Bill. 2004. Field Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Third Revised edition, Second impression. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 399 pp. ISBN 0-88359-042-5. (Lycophidion capense, p. 76 + Plate 36).
  • Smith A. 1831. "Contributions to the Natural History of South Africa, &c". South African Quarterly Journal 1 (5): 9-24. (Lycodon capensis, new species, p. 18). (in Latin and English).
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