Mark Daniel

Mark Daniel (January 4, 1900 — November 25, 1940; birth name: Daniel-Mordkhe Meyerovich, later Mark Meyerovich) was a Jewish Soviet writer and playwright. In Yiddish he signed himself as M.Daniel (Yiddish: מ. דאניעל).[1] In Russian he was known as Mark Naumovich Daniel (Марк Нау́мович Даниэ́ль). He was born in Dvinsk, Russian Empire (now Daugavpils, Latvia).[2][3]

Not to be confused with Mark Daniels.

He was the father of Yuli Daniel (Yuli's mother was Minna Pavlovna Daniel, Минна Павловна Даниэ́ль.[4])

Notable works

"Fir teg"

The 1930 short story "Yulis" was the basis of the play "Fir teg" ("Four Days"), which was staged by the Moscow State Yiddish Theater starring Solomon Mikhoels as Yulis (the actual person: Iulius Shimeliovich). It turned out to be one of the most notable plays of the theatre despite criticism. Later it was staged in other places.[3]

"Zyamke Kapatsh"

"Zyamke Kapatsh" (1936, "Zyamke Kapatsh: pyese in dray aktn, zibn bilder". Kharkov: Kinder farlag bam Ts.K.L.K.U.P.O., 1936. YI0802[5])

"Zyamke Kapatsh" was also staged in Russian under the title "Хлопчик" ("A Lad") by Mossovet Theatre. The play glorifies a heroic deed of a young boy during the Russian Civil War. It is notable, in particular, because the song Orlyonok from the play has become popular in the Soviet Union, with its popularity sharply going up during World War II, especially among the Soviet Partisans.[6]

Over time the song "Orlyonok" effected broad cultural implications in the ideology and mythology of the Soviet Union.[7] In particular, the song gave name to the Young Pioneer Camp Orlyonok and teenager's bicycle Orlyonok/Ereliukas manufactured in the Soviet Union in Belarus and Lithuania.[7] See "Orlyonok (disambiguation)" for more. The song from the Yiddish original had been considerably rewritten several times for ideological reasons.[8]

"Johannes Guttenberg"

"Johannes Guttenberg" (1937).[3]

In 1939 the Russian-language version of "Johannes Guttenberg" was premiered under the title "Изобретатель и комедиант" ("Inventor and Comedian") by the Central Children's Theatre (now Russian Academic Youth Theatre).[9] The framework of this children's play is the invention of the printing press by Johannes Guttenberg and Gutenberg's misadventures. Another protagonist of the play is Siegfried the comedian, Gutenberg's friend, the voice of common people.[10][11]

The incidental music for the piece was written by Dmitry Kabalevsky, which gave rise to his orchestral suite The Comedians, commonly described as the most popular work by Kabalevsky.[12]

Other

Daniel's last play, "Shloyme Maimon" ("Salomon Maimon") premiered in the Moscow State Yiddish Theater in 1940.[3]

References
  1. "M. Daniel".
  2. "Даниэль М." Электронная еврейская энциклопедия ОРТ.
  3. Gennady Estraikh, Daniel, M.
  4. Ирина Уварова (Irina Uvarova), Даниэль и все все все, 2014 ISBN 978-5-89059-218-7. The title of the book is a pun on the title of the children's book Винни-Пух и все-все-все, a Russian translation of Winnie-the-Pooh
  5. "Guide: Yiddish Books from the Harvard Library". libraries.indiana.edu. June 5, 2009.
  6. Leonid Kaganov, ПО СЛЕДАМ ОРЛЕНКА - ЧАСТЬ 2, March 24, 2009
  7. Leonid Kaganov, как немец Фриц и еврей Зямка стали велосипедом (How Fritz the German and Zyamka the Jew had become a Bicycle)
  8. "Леонид Каганов:". lleo.me.
  9. Изобретатель и комедиант, a Russian Academic Youth Theatre website
  10. Изобретатель и комедиант : (Иоган Гуттенберг) : пьеса в четырех актах, восьми картинах, downloadable from the digital archive of the National Library of Estonia (public domain)
  11. А. Н. Гозенпуд (Гозенпуд Александра Ноевна (1917-2003)) "Центральный детский театр 1936-1961"
  12. NY Times, 18 February 1987

Further reading
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