MS Oranje

The MS Oranje was ordered by Netherland Line and was built in the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij shipyard. The ship was ceremonially launched on 8 September 1938, On 15 July 1939, the finished ship was delivered to the Netherland Line and shortly afterward was used for the line's scheduled service from Amsterdam to Batavia (Jakarta).[4] But when the ship arrived, World War II had begun, and she was laid up in Surabaya for the safety of the ship. In February 1941, the ship's captain was ordered to sail to Sydney and to hand over his ship to the Royal Australian Navy.[5][4] The Dutch government agreed with the Australian government that the Oranje would be converted into a hospital ship. Although she was under Australian command, she kept her Dutch crew and remained under the Dutch flag throughout the war.[4]

From October 1946 to 1957, the ship returned to its original owners to resume passenger service.[4] The Indonesian War of Independence and its nationalist course led to a decrease in passenger numbers. In February 1951, the Oranje made her first around the world cruise: from Amsterdam via the Panama Canal to Australia and New Zealand and back via Singapore and the Suez Canal to Amsterdam.[4] Between 8 and 18 June 1951, she voyaged to Lisbon and Madeira with 650 passengers.[4]

On 6 January 1953, MS Oranje collided in the Red Sea with Willem Ruys, which was heading in the opposite direction. At that time, it was common for passenger ships to pass each other at close range to entertain their passengers. During the (later heavily criticized) abrupt and fast approach of Oranje, Willem Ruys made an unexpected swing to port, resulting in a collision. Oranje badly damaged her bow. As she might have been impounded for safety reasons, she was unable to call at Colombo as scheduled and went directly to Jakarta. Willem Ruys suffered less damage. There was no loss of life. Later, it was determined that miscommunication on both ships had caused the collision.[6] The ship's final voyage for Netherland Line was in 1964.[4]

On 4 September 1964, both she and the MS Willem Ruys were sold to an Italian company, Flotta Lauro Lines.[7][8][4] Oranje was then sent to Genoa for an extensive refit at the Cantieri Navali del Tirreno shipyards. On 6 March 1966 the Angelina Lauro departed on her maiden voyage from Bremerhaven to Fremantle, Melbourne and Sydney. In 1977 the ship was chartered by Costa Lines.[4] However, in 1979 while in a pier at Saint Thomas, she caught fire, which burned in the ship's hull for days; and was declared a total loss.[4] On 30 July 1979, the ship's burned hull was planned to be towed to a scrapyard at Kaohsiung.[4] Then on 21 September 1979, the ship's weakened hull (which the fire had affected), began to fill with water. Three days later the Angelina Lauro sank in the mid-Pacific, on 24 September 1979.[8][4]