Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter

Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter or MV-NIS is an attenuated oncolytic Edmonston (Ed) strain of measles virus.[1][2][3]

MV-NIS will attach and fuse to host tumor cell membranes. After fusion, MV-NIS has been observed to kill the tumor cells. Due to the unique properties of iodine uptake in these cells, iodine 123 (I-123) may be used to image MV-NIS-infected tumor cells. Non-invasive imaging provides confirmation of targeted infection and allows for monitoring and visualization of treatment progression.

The human CD46 antigen is known to be the functional cellular receptor for Measles virus.[4] This type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein is a normal part of human tissue but may be overexpressed on some cancer cell types.[2]

MV-NIS is the first targeted engineered virus therapy to have shown remission in published cancer clinical trials.[2][5]

PET/CT Imaging

A few days after infection, the host animal may be injected with radioiodine which is then selectively captured by infected cells and tumors. Detailed images may then be created showing the location of these infections and the target sites for tumor reduction monitoring.[6]

In the mouse model, non-invasive imaging and selective uptake have assisted in evidence for selective prostate cancer treatment.[7]

This imaging technique is an improvement over initial efforts to engineer a Measles virus to carry the soluble marker human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The resultant strain, MV-CEA, could only be monitored by blood test which is not specific to areas of treatment.[8]

See also

References
  1. "Drug Dictionary". Compass Oncology. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  2. Russell, Stephen J.; Mark J. Federspiel; Kah-Whye Peng; Caili Tong; David Dingli; William G. Morice; Val Lowe; Michael K. O'Connor; Robert A. Kyle; Nelson Leung; Francis K. Buadi; S. Vincent Rajkumar; Morie A. Gertz; Martha Q. Lacy; Angela Dispenzieri (2014-07-01). "Remission of Disseminated Cancer After Systemic Oncolytic Virotherapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 89 (7): 926–933. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.04.003. ISSN 0025-6196. PMC 4225126. PMID 24835528.
  3. Dingli, David; Kah-Whye Peng; Mary E. Harvey; Philip R. Greipp; Michael K. O'Connor; Roberto Cattaneo; John C. Morris; Stephen J. Russell (2004-03-01). "Image-guided radiovirotherapy for multiple myeloma using a recombinant measles virus expressing the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter". Blood. 103 (5): 1641–1646. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-07-2233. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 14604966.
  4. Dörig, R. E.; A. Marcil; A. Chopra; C. D. Richardson (1993-10-22). "The human CD46 molecule is a receptor for measles virus (Edmonston strain)". Cell. 75 (2): 295–305. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)80071-l. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 8402913. S2CID 11793440.
  5. Bonander, Ross. "Engineered Measles Virus Puts Myeloma Patient Into Remission". Lymphoma Info. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  6. Russell, Stephen J. "Oncolytic Virotherapy for Multiple Myeloma Oncolytic Virotherapy for Multiple Myeloma" (PDF). International Myeloma Foundation. Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  7. Msaouel, Pavlos; Ianko D. Iankov; Cory Allen; Ileana Aderca; Mark J. Federspiel; Donald J. Tindall; John C. Morris; Michael Koutsilieris; Stephen J. Russell; Evanthia Galanis (2009). "Noninvasive Imaging and Radiovirotherapy of Prostate Cancer Using an Oncolytic Measles Virus Expressing the Sodium Iodide Symporter". Molecular Therapy. 17 (12): 2041–2048. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.218. ISSN 1525-0016. PMC 2810133. PMID 19773744.
  8. "Update on the measles virus, a novel therapy for glioblastoma". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
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