Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Lesser Poland Province (in Polish: województwo małopolskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ mawɔˈpɔlskʲɛ]), also known as Małopolska,[2] is a voivodeship (province) in southern Poland. It has an area of 15,108 square kilometres (5,833 sq mi), and a population of 3,404,863 (2019).[3]

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Województwo małopolskie
Voivodeship
Flag of Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Flag
Coat of arms of Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Coat of arms
Official logo of Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Brandmark
Location within Poland
Location within Poland
Division into counties
Division into counties
Coordinates (Kraków): 50°3′41″N 19°56′18″E
Country Poland
CapitalKraków
Counties
3 cities, 19 land counties *
Government
 • BodyExecutive board
 • VoivodeŁukasz Kmita (PiS)
 • MarshalWitold Kozłowski (PiS)
 • EPLesser Poland and Świętokrzyskie
Area
 • Total15,108 km2 (5,833 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)
 • Total3,404,863
 • Density230/km2 (580/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,641,189
 • Rural
1,763,674
ISO 3166 codePL-12
Vehicle registrationK
HDI (2019)0.892[1]
very high · 3rd
Websitewww.malopolskie.pl
  • further divided into 182 gminas

It was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Kraków, Tarnów, Nowy Sącz and parts of Bielsko-Biała, Katowice, Kielce and Krosno Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. The province's name recalls the traditional name of a historic Polish region, Lesser Poland, or in Polish: Małopolska. Current Lesser Poland Voivodeship, however, covers only a small part of the broader ancient Małopolska region which, together with Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Silesia (Śląsk), formed the early medieval Polish state. Historic Lesser Poland is much larger than the current province. It stretches far north, to Radom, and Siedlce, also including such cities, as Stalowa Wola, Lublin, Kielce, Częstochowa, and Sosnowiec.

The province is bounded on the north by the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Góry Świętokrzyskie), on the west by Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska (a broad range of hills stretching from Kraków to Częstochowa), and on the south by the Tatra, Pieniny and Beskidy Mountains. Politically it is bordered by Silesian Voivodeship to the west, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the north, Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the east, and Slovakia (Prešov Region and Žilina Regions) to the south.

Almost all of Lesser Poland lies in the Vistula River catchment area. The city of Kraków was one of the European Cities of Culture in 2000. Kraków has railway and road connections with Katowice (expressway), Warsaw, Wrocław and Rzeszów. It lies at the crossroads of major international routes linking Dresden with Kyiv, and Gdańsk with Budapest. Located here is the second largest international airport in Poland (after Warsaw's), the John Paul II International Airport.

Economy

The gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 40.4 billion € in 2018, accounting for 8.1% of the Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €19,700 or 65% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 72% of the EU average.[4]

The region's economy includes high technology, banking, chemical and metallurgical industries, coal, ore, food processing, and spirit and tobacco industries. The most industrialized city of the voivodeship is Kraków. The largest regional enterprise operates here, the Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks in Nowa Huta, employing 17,500 people. Another major industrial center is located in the west, in the neighborhood of Chrzanów (chiefly the production of railway engines) and Oświęcim (chemical works). Kraków Park Technologiczny, a special economic zone, has been established within the voivodeship. There are almost 210,000 registered economic entities operating in the voivodeship, mostly small and medium-sized, of which 234 belong to the state-owned sector. Foreign investment, growing in the region, reached approximately US$18.3 billion by the end of 2006.

Universities

A total of 130,000 students attend fifteen Kraków institutions of higher learning. The Jagiellonian University, the largest university in the city (44,200 students), was founded in 1364 as Cracow Academy. Nicolaus Copernicus and Karol Wojtyła (Pope John Paul II) graduated from it. The AGH University of Science and Technology (29,800 students) is considered to be the best technical university in Poland. The Academy of Economics, the Pedagogical University, the Kraków University of Technology and the Agricultural Academy are also very highly regarded. There are also the Fine Arts Academy, the State Theatre University and the Musical Academy. Nowy Sącz has become a major educational center in the region thanks to its Higher School of Business and Administration, with an American curriculum, founded in 1992. The school has 4,500 students. There are also two private higher schools in Tarnów.

Climate

Located in Southern Poland, Lesser Poland is the warmest place in Poland with average summer temperatures between 23 °C (73 °F) and 30 °C (86 °F) during the day, often reaching 32 °C (90 °F) to 38 °C (100 °F) in July and August, the two warmest months of the year. The city of Tarnów, which is located in Lesser Poland, is the hottest place in Poland all year round, average temperatures being around 25 °C (77 °F) during the day in the three summer months and 3 °C (37 °F) during the day in the three winter months. In the winter the weather patterns alter each year; usually winters are mildly cold with temperatures ranging from −7 °C (19 °F) to 4 °C (39 °F), but the winter season changes often to a more humid and warmer winter, or more continental and cold, depending on the many various wind patterns that affect Poland from different regions of the world. Błędów Desert, the only desert in Poland, is located in Lesser Poland, where temperatures can often reach 38 °C (100 °F) in the summer.

Tourism
The Wieliczka Salt Mine is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Four national parks and numerous reserves have been established in the voivodeship to protect the environment of Lesser Poland. The region has areas for tourism and recreation, including Zakopane (Poland's most popular winter resort) and the Tatra, Pieniny and Beskidy Mountains. The natural landscape features many historic sites. The salt mine at Wieliczka, the pilgrimage town of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, and Kraków's Old Town are ranked by UNESCO among the most precious sites of world heritage. At Wadowice, birthplace of John Paul II (50 kilometers southwest of Kraków) is a museum dedicated to the late pope's childhood. The area of Oświęcim, with the former Nazi concentration camps Auschwitz-I and Auschwitz-II-Birkenau, as well as the Auschwitz Jewish Center, is visited annually by a million people. Another tourist destination is the town of Bochnia with its salt mine, Europe's oldest.

List of cities and towns
Kraków, capital of Lesser Poland
Tarnów
Nowy Sącz
Oświęcim
Chrzanów
Olkusz
Nowy Targ
Bochnia

The voivodeship contains 4 cities and 58 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019[3]):

Cities (governed by a city mayor or prezydent miasta):
  1. Kraków (774,839)
  2. Tarnów (108,580)
  3. Nowy Sącz (83,813)
  4. Oświęcim (38,120)

Towns:

  1. Chrzanów (36,717)
  2. Olkusz (35,421)
  3. Nowy Targ (33,357)
  4. Bochnia (29,814)
  5. Gorlice (27,442)
  6. Zakopane (27,078)
  7. Skawina (24,340)
  8. Andrychów (20,143)
  9. Kęty (18,705)
  10. Wadowice (18,778)
  11. Wieliczka (23,565)
  12. Trzebinia (19,778)
  13. Myślenice (18,349)
  14. Libiąż (17,017)
  15. Brzesko (16,792)
  16. Limanowa (15,157)
  17. Rabka-Zdrój (12,746)
  18. Brzeszcze (11,185)
  19. Miechów (11,612)
  20. Dąbrowa Tarnowska (11,889)
  21. Krynica-Zdrój (10,635)
  22. Bukowno (10,141)
  23. Krzeszowice (10,014)
  24. Sucha Beskidzka (9,114)
  25. Wolbrom (8,561)
  26. Chełmek (9,073)
  27. Stary Sącz (9,071)
  28. Niepołomice (13,276)
  29. Mszana Dolna (7,944)
  30. Szczawnica (5,732)
  31. Tuchów (6,627)
  32. Sułkowice (6,637)
  33. Proszowice (5,976)
  34. Dobczyce (6,444)
  35. Grybów (6,026)
  36. Maków Podhalański (5,841)
  37. Piwniczna-Zdrój (5,884)
  38. Jordanów (5,346)
  39. Muszyna (4,800)
  40. Biecz (4,590)
  41. Kalwaria Zebrzydowska (4,496)
  42. Słomniki (4,343)
  43. Żabno (4,234)
  44. Szczucin (4,157)
  45. Zator (3,677)
  46. Skała (3,798)
  47. Alwernia (3,368)
  48. Wojnicz (3,328)
  49. Bobowa (3,136)
  50. Radłów (2,765)
  51. Ryglice (2,839)
  52. Nowy Wiśnicz (2,757)
  53. Ciężkowice (2,473)
  54. Czchów (2,345)
  55. Świątniki Górne (2,431)
  56. Nowe Brzesko (1,663)
  57. Zakliczyn (1,631)
  58. Koszyce (779)

Settlements:

Administrative division

Lesser Poland Voivodeship is divided into 22 counties (powiats): 3 city counties and 19 land counties. These are further divided into 182 gminas.

The counties are listed in the following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population).

English and
Polish names		 Area
(km2)		 Population
(2019)		 Seat Other towns Total
gminas
City counties
Kraków 327 774,839 1
Tarnów 72 108,580 1
Nowy Sącz 57 83,813 1
Land counties
Kraków County
powiat krakowski		 1,230 278,219 Kraków * Skawina, Krzeszowice, Słomniki, Skała, Świątniki Górne 17
Nowy Sącz County
powiat nowosądecki		 1,550 216,429 Nowy Sącz * Krynica-Zdrój, Stary Sącz, Grybów, Piwniczna-Zdrój, Muszyna 16
Tarnów County
powiat tarnowski		 1,413 201,509 Tarnów * Tuchów, Żabno, Wojnicz, Radłów, Ryglice, Ciężkowice, Zakliczyn 16
Nowy Targ County
powiat nowotarski		 1,475 191,669 Nowy Targ Rabka-Zdrój, Szczawnica 14
Wadowice County
powiat wadowicki		 646 160,080 Wadowice Andrychów, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska 10
Oświęcim County
powiat oświęcimski		 406 153,632 Oświęcim Kęty, Brzeszcze, Chełmek, Zator 9
Chrzanów County
powiat chrzanowski		 371 124,937 Chrzanów Trzebinia, Libiąż, Alwernia 5
Limanowa County
powiat limanowski		 952 131,729 Limanowa Mszana Dolna 12
Myślenice County
powiat myślenicki		 673 127,262 Myślenice Sułkowice, Dobczyce 9
Olkusz County
powiat olkuski		 622 111,655 Olkusz Bukowno, Wolbrom 6
Gorlice County
powiat gorlicki		 967 108,938 Gorlice Biecz, Bobowa 10
Wieliczka County
powiat wielicki		 428 127,970 Wieliczka Niepołomice 5
Bochnia County
powiat bocheński		 649 106,626 Bochnia Nowy Wiśnicz 9
Brzesko County
powiat brzeski		 590 93,139 Brzesko Czchów 7
Sucha County
powiat suski		 686 84,160 Sucha Beskidzka Maków Podhalański, Jordanów 9
Tatra County
powiat tatrzański		 472 68,135 Zakopane 5
Dąbrowa County
powiat dąbrowski		 530 59,227 Dąbrowa Tarnowska Szczucin 7
Miechów County
powiat miechowski		 677 48,948 Miechów 7
Proszowice County
powiat proszowicki		 415 43,367 Proszowice Nowe Brzesko, Koszyce 6
* seat not part of the county

Protected areas
The spa town of Szczawnica in the Pieniny Mountains
Czarny Staw in the High Tatras

Protected areas in Lesser Poland Voivodeship include six National Parks and 11 Landscape Parks. These are listed below.

Symbols

Lesser Poland Voivodeship's symbols can be blazoned as follows:

Coat of arms: A traditional Iberian shield gules, an eagle argent displayed armed, legged, beaked, langued and crowned Or.

Flag: Per fess argent and gules, a narrow fess Or.

  1. Nowak: 23,671
  2. Wójcik: 13,347
  3. Zając: 10,206

International relations

The Lesser Poland Voivodeships has partnerships with the following regions:[5]

In February 2020, the French region of Centre-Val de Loire suspended its partnership with the Lesser Poland Voivodeship as a response to the anti-LGBT resolution passed by the voivodeship's authorities.[6][7][8] In September 2021, the voivodeships's authorities revoked the controversial declaration.[9]

See also

Notes
  1. "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab. Radboud University Nijmegen. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  2. Arkadiusz Belczyk, Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine [Translation of Polish Geographical Names into English], 2002-2006.
  3. GUS. "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
  4. "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.
  5. "Współpraca międzynarodowa". Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  6. "Francuski region zawiesza współpracę z Małopolską. "Jawnie homofobiczna deklaracja"". Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  7. "Zones anti-LGBT : la région Centre - Val-de-Loire rompt avec la Pologne". Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  8. ""Zones anti-LGBT" : la région Centre-Val de Loire suspend sa coopération avec Malopolska en Pologne". Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  9. "Sukces demokratycznej opozycji: Sejmik uchylił deklarację anty-LGBT" (in Polish). Retrieved 27 September 2021.

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
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