Mahisasuramardini (radio programme)

Mahishasuramarddini [lower-alpha 1] is a widely popular early Bengali special dawn radio programme that has been broadcasting since 1931[1] on All India Radio (AIR) in Indian state West Bengal. It is a one-and-a-half-hour audio montage of Chaṇḍipāaṭh (chanting from Chaṇḍi) recitation from the scriptural verses of Śrī Śrī Chaṇḍi or Durga Saptashati,[2] Bengali devotional songs, classical music and a dash of acoustic melodrama. The program has been translated into Hindi set to similar orchestration and is broadcast at the same time for a pan-Indian audience.[3] This programme is aired every year at day-break on Mahalaya. The programme, which started off as a live-performance, has been broadcast in its pre-recorded format since 1966.[4][5] However, its great popularity remains undiminished even today over 90 years later.[6][7][8][9]

For goddess, see Durga.
Mahishasuramardini
মহিষাসুরমর্দ্দিনী
Other namesChandipath
Mahalaya
Genrereligious
Running time1 hr 29 mins
Country of originIndia
Language(s)Bengali, Sanskrit
Home stationAkashvani
Written by
Narrated byBirendra Krishna Bhadra
Original release1931
Opening themeConch blowing sound and Ya Chandi Song
Ending themeShanti Dile Bhori song and Conch blowing sound

This program has become synonymous with Mahalaya which is celebrated to usher the Devipaksha lunar fortnight and the Durga Puja. To this day, most of Bengal and East Indians fond of the programme wakes up in the breezily pre dawn hours, 4 am to be precise, on the Mahalaya day to tune into the Mahishasuramarddini broadcast. Presently the recordings are available as audio cassettes and Compact Disks from HMV-RPG which has obtained the rights from All India Radio. The CD version (as of 2002) contains 19 tracks.[10]

Birendra Krishna Bhadra

Birendra Krishna Bhadra, who will always be remembered for making Mahalaya memorable to one and all, is the voice behind the “Mahisasura Mardini.”[11] He recites the holy verses and tells the story of the descent of Durga to earth. It was on the day of Mahalaya, the beginning of "Devipaksha", that the gods and goddesses woke up to prepare themselves for Durga Puja. In 1931, Mahalaya was first broadcast over the radio in Akashvani, Calcutta. The programme was organised by Pankaj Kumar Mallik, Premankur Aatorthi, Birendra Krishna Bhadra, Nripendra Krishna Mukhopadhyay and Raichand Boral.[12]

So popular was his version of the recitation that when in 1976, the voice of noted Bengali actor, Uttam Kumar was employed for the programme and renamed it as Durga Durgatiharini did not get favorable response from the audience and it was shifted back to the original version of Birendra Krishna Bhadra.[13]

Bhadra died long ago, but his recorded voice still forms the core of the Mahalaya program. In a sonorous voice Bhadra renders the Mahalaya recital for one and half thrilling hours, mesmerizing every household with the divine aura of his narration, as the Bengalis submerge their souls in quiet moments of prayer.

Musical composition

Though the theme is mythological and the mantras Vedic, this program is a landmark composition. It is scripted by Bani Kumar, and narrated by Birendra Krishna Bhadra while Pratima Bandopadhyay (Amala Kirane), Dwijen Mukhopadhyay (Jago Durga Jago Doshoprohoronodharini), Manabendra Mukhopadhyay (Tabo Achinta), Sandhya Mukhopadhyay, Arati Mukhopadhyay, Utpala Sen, Shyamal Mitra and Supriti Ghosh (Bajlo tomar alor benu) sang in their melodious voices.[14] The enchanting music is composed by Pankaj Mullick.[15] The songs/chants in the order they appear in the programme are as follows:

Seq# Singer Song English Transliteration
1 Chorus যা চণ্ডী Ya Chandi
2 Supriti Ghosh বাজলো তোমার আলোর বেনু Bajlo Tomar Alor Benu
3 Dwijen Mukhopadhyay জাগো তুমি জাগো Jago Tumi Jago
4 Shipra Bose ওগো আমার আগমনী Ogo amar agomoni
5 Manabendra Mukhopadhyay তব অচিন্ত্য় Tabo Achintya
6 Chorus অহম্ aham
7 Krishna Dasgupta অখিল বিমানে তব জয়গানে Akhilo Bimane Tabo Jayagaane
8 Shyamal Mitra/ Arati Mukherjee শুভ্র শঙ্খ রবে Subhro Sankha Robe
9 Bimal Bhushan নমো চন্ডী নমো চন্ডী Namo Chandi Namo Chandi
10 Sumitra Sen মাগো তব বিনে Mago Tabo Bine
11 Sandhya Mukhopadhyay বিমানে বিমানে আলোকের গানে Bimane Bimane Aloker Gaane
12 Chorus জয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর মর্দ্দিনী Jaya Jaya He Mahishashur Mardini
13 Tarun Bandopadhyay হে চিন্ময়ী Hey Chinmoyi
14 Pratima Bandopadhyay অমল কিরনে Amala Kirane
15 Dhananjay Bhattacharya, Chorus রুপং দেহী জয়ং দেহী Rupam Dehi Jayam Dehi
16 Utpala Sen শান্তি দিলে ভরি Shanti Dile Bhaari

As the recital begins, the serene morning air resonates with the long drawn sound of the sacred conch shell, followed by a tune in Raga Malkosh, which ultimately leads to the start of the programme with the prayer to Goddess Chandi. Immediately an atmosphere is created full of assurance, respect and universal love and peace. This way, Mahisasurmardini took a permanent place in the heart of Bengali as well as Indian culture.

Main Artists

Singers

Musicians(Instrument)
  • Bibekendra Deb Roy violinist

References
  1. Sanskrit pronunciation: [mɐ.ɦi.ʂaː.su.rɐ.mɐrd̪.d̪i.niː], Bengali: মহিষাসুরমর্দ্দিনী, romanized: Môhiṣāsurômôrddinī, lit. 'The Annihilator of Mahishasura', Bengali pronunciation: [mɔ.ɦi.ʃa.ʃur.mor.d̪i.ni]
  1. "Biography of Birendra Krishna Bhadra". Archived from the original on 2014-09-26.
  2. "durga_puja : Mahalaya". www.netglimse.com. Archived from the original on 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  3. "Mahalaya: Invoking the Mother Goddess". hinduism.about.com. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  4. [Birendra Krishna Bhadra: A Legend, A Nostalgia (Original in Bangla) ©Ajit Basu, Publisher:Sahayatri, 8, Patuatola Lane, Kolkata 700009.]
  5. "History of first broadcast of Mahishasur Mardini".
  6. "Biography of Pankaj Kumar Mullick - the versatile musical genius". www.pankajmullick.org. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  7. Mahalaya ushers in the Puja spirit The Times of India, TNN 19 September 2009.
  8. Morning Raga Archived 2012-09-30 at the Wayback Machine Indian Express, PiyasreeDasgupta, Sep 18, 2009.
  9. Tanya Basu (Sep 23, 2014). "An 83-Year-Old Song Dominates India's Airwaves Every Year". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  10. "Mahisasura Mardini by Birendra Krishna Bhadra (AIR Recording) – Details of tracks and artists". QuiQinQ. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  11. "Birendra Krishna Bhadra: Divine voice heralding Mahalaya chant for generations of Bengalis for more than 90 years".
  12. "Mahalaya : Durga Puja mahalaya : Durga Puja". www.bangalinet.com. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  13. Timeless Tunes Indian Express, Sep 29, 2008.
  14. "Mahalaya : Durga Puja mahalaya : Durga Puja". www.bangalinet.com. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  15. "Biography of Pankaj Kumar Mullick - the versatile musical genius". www.pankajmullick.org. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
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