Malaxis bayardii

Malaxis bayardii, or Bayard's adder's-mouth orchid,[3] is a species of orchid native to northeastern North America. It is found from Massachusetts to North Carolina, with isolated populations in Ohio and Nova Scotia.[4] There are historical reports of the plant formerly growing in Vermont and New Jersey, but it seems to have been extirpated in those two states[2] It grows in dry, open woods and pine barrens at elevations of less than 600 m (2000 feet).[5][6]

Malaxis bayardii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Malaxis
Species:
M. bayardii
Binomial name
Malaxis bayardii
Synonyms[2]

Malaxis bayardii fo. kelloggiae P.M. Br.

Malaxis bayardii is a terrestrial herb up to 26 cm (10.4 inches) tall. It produces a pseudobulb up to 20 mm in diameter. It generally has only one leaf, occasionally two, about halfway up the stem. Flowers are small and green, borne in a raceme of up to 70 flowers.[7][8][9][10]

Conservation status

It is listed as a special concern species and believed extirpated in Connecticut,[11] as rare Massachusetts, and as endangered in New Jersey and in New York (state).[12]

References
  1. Goedeke, T.; Sharma, J.; Treher, A.; Frances, A.; Poff, K. (2015). "Malaxis bayardii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T64176353A64176361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T64176353A64176361.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. "Malaxis bayardii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Malaxis bayardii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  4. "Malaxis bayardii". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  5. Catling, Paul M.; Magrath, Lawrence K. (2002). "Malaxis bayardii". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. "Malaxis bayardii". North American Orchid Conservation Center (NAOOC), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. 2018.
  7. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1936). "Rhodora". 38 (455): 402–404. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) description in Latin, commentary in English; small line drawings showing flowers
  8. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1936). "Rhodora". 38 (455). plate 446, photos of herbarium specimens, figures 1 and 2 at left. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1950). Gray's Manual of Botany (8th ed.). New York: American Book Company. pp. i–lxiv, 1–1632.
  10. Catling, P. M. (1991). "Systematics of Malaxis bayardii and M. unifolia". Lindleyana. Vol. 6. pp. 3–23.
  11. "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015" (PDF). State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  12. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Malaxis bayardii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
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