Mallagnostus

Mallagnostus; Temporal range:
	Mallagnostus desideratus, cephalon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Trilobita
Order:	Agnostida
Family:	Weymouthiidae
Genus:	Mallagnostus; Howell, 1935
species
	M. desideratus (Walcott, 1890b) synonym Agnostus desideratus; M. limbatus (Pokrovskaya, 1959) synonym Ladadiscus limbatus; M. llarenai (Richter & Richter, 1941) ;
Synonyms
	Ladadiscus Pokrovskaya, 1959

Mallagnostus Howell, 1935,[1] is a trilobite genus belonging to the family Weymouthiidae Kobayashi T. (1943), [2] Order Agnostida Salter (1864) [3] according to Whittington et al. 1997. [4] It lived during the late Lower Cambrian, with remains found in USA (New York), Canada (Newfoundland), Spain, England, Russia (Tuva, Gorno-Altayskaya), Mongolia, and the early Middle Cambrian as reported from China (Tian Shan) and Russia (Yakutia).

Taxonomy

Mallagnostus was originally described as belonging to the Agnostina, but it is more appropriately placed in the Eodiscina. Within the Weymouthiidae, Mallagnostus belongs to a clade that further includes Tannudiscus, Jinghediscus and the Agnostina.[5]

Distribution

M. desideratus Walcott, 1890, [6] is from the Lower Cambrian Olenellus Zone of North America.
M. limbatus Pokrovskaya, 1959, [7] has been collected from the upper Lower Cambrian of New York, [5] and the Toyonian of the Russian Federation (Obruchev stage, Shivelig Formation, Shivelig-Khem River, Tuva, Altay-Sayan, Siberia, 51.4° N, 94.2° E) [8]
M. llarenai Richter and Richter, 1941, [9] is found in the late Lower Cambrian of Spain (serratus Band, Herrerias-Mergel Formation, Cala). [5]

Ecology

M. limbatus occurs with Tannudiscus tannuolaicus, Menneraspis striata, Beldirella pulchra and Cheiruroides maslovi.[8]

Description

Mallagnostus is isopygous and, like all Weymouthiidae, lacks eyes and facial sutures. The cephalon is semi-elliptical with unfurrowed glabella (in one species there are lateral indentations). The glabella does not quite reach the broad border furrow. The occipital ring (L0) is short (sag.), ill-defined, and does not carry a spine. Anterior border of cephalon is long, only gently convex, and becomes shallower further from the axis. The border furrow runs into the margin just in front of the genal angle. Thorax of three segments, as in all other Weymouthiidae where the thorax is known. The pygidial axis is conical with at least eight rings, and does not extend to the posterior border furrow. Pleural fields smooth. [5]

References

HOWELL, B. F. 1935. Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites from Herault, southern France. Journal of Paleontology 9 (3): 222-238
KOBAYASHI, 1943. Brief notes on the Eodiscids 1, their classification with a description of a new species and a new variety, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, Tokyo, Volume 19, pp. 37-42.
SALTER, J. W. 1864: On some new fossils from the Lingula-flags of Wales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 20, 233–241.
WHITTINGTON, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997.
WHITTINGTON, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997
WALCOTT 1890. Descriptive notes of new genera and species from the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 12: 33 - 46.
POKROVSKAYA N. V., 1959. The trilobite fauna and stratigraphy of the Cambrian deposits of Tuva. Akademiy Nauk, SSSR, Trudy, Geologisicheskogo, Instituta, Number 27, pp. 1-199, pls. 1-11. [In Russian].
OSADCHAYA, D.V.; KASHINA, L.N.; ZHURAVLEVA, I.T.; BORODINA, N.P. (1979). "Stratigrafiya i arkheotsiaty nizhnego kembriya Altaye-Sayanskoy skladchatoy oblasti [Lower Cambrian stratigraphy and archaeocyatha of the Altay-Sayan fold belt]". Trudy Instituta Geologii I Geofiziki, Sibirskoye Otdeleniye (380): 1–215. cited in Paleobiological Database. "Mallagnostus".
RICHTER, R., & RICHTER, E., 1941. Die Fauna des Unter-Kambriums von Cala in Andalusien. Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 455: 90 pp., 83 figs., 4 pls., Frankfurt.

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[1] HOWELL, B. F. 1935. Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites from Herault, southern France. Journal of Paleontology 9 (3): 222-238

[2] KOBAYASHI, 1943. Brief notes on the Eodiscids 1, their classification with a description of a new species and a new variety, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, Tokyo, Volume 19, pp. 37-42.

[3] SALTER, J. W. 1864: On some new fossils from the Lingula-flags of Wales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 20, 233–241.

[4] WHITTINGTON, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997.

[Treatise-5] WHITTINGTON, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997

[6] WALCOTT 1890. Descriptive notes of new genera and species from the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 12: 33 - 46.

[7] POKROVSKAYA N. V., 1959. The trilobite fauna and stratigraphy of the Cambrian deposits of Tuva. Akademiy Nauk, SSSR, Trudy, Geologisicheskogo, Instituta, Number 27, pp. 1-199, pls. 1-11. [In Russian].

[Osadchaya-8] OSADCHAYA, D.V.; KASHINA, L.N.; ZHURAVLEVA, I.T.; BORODINA, N.P. (1979). "Stratigrafiya i arkheotsiaty nizhnego kembriya Altaye-Sayanskoy skladchatoy oblasti [Lower Cambrian stratigraphy and archaeocyatha of the Altay-Sayan fold belt]". Trudy Instituta Geologii I Geofiziki, Sibirskoye Otdeleniye (380): 1–215. cited in Paleobiological Database. "Mallagnostus".

[9] RICHTER, R., & RICHTER, E., 1941. Die Fauna des Unter-Kambriums von Cala in Andalusien. Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 455: 90 pp., 83 figs., 4 pls., Frankfurt.