Maltol

Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound that is used primarily as a flavor enhancer. It is found in nature in the bark of larch trees and in the needles of pine trees, and is produced during the roasting of malt (from which it gets its name) and in the baking of bread. It has the odor of caramel and is used to impart a pleasant aroma to foods and fragrances.

Not to be confused with Maltitol.
Maltol
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one
Other names
Larixinic acid; Palatone; Veltol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.884
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C6H6O3/c1-4-6(8)5(7)2-3-9-4/h2-3,8H,1H3 checkY
    Key: XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C6H6O3/c1-4-6(8)5(7)2-3-9-4/h2-3,8H,1H3
    Key: XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYAH
  • O=C1C=COC(C)=C1O
Properties
C6H6O3
Molar mass 126.111 g·mol−1
Density 1.348 g/cm3
Melting point 161 to 162 °C (322 to 324 °F; 434 to 435 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

It is used as a flavor enhancer, is designated in the U.S. as INS number 636, and is known in the European E number food additive series as E636.

Chemistry

Maltol is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in hot water and other polar solvents. Like related 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones such as kojic acid, it binds to hard metal centers such as Fe3+, Ga3+, Al3+, and VO2+.[1]

Related to this property, maltol has been reported to greatly increase aluminium uptake in the body[2] and to increase the oral bioavailability of gallium[3] and iron.[4]

See also

References
  1. B. D. Liboiron; K. H. Thompson; G. R. Hanson; E. Lam; N. Aebischer; C. Orvig (2005). "New Insights into the Interactions of Serum Proteins with Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV): Transport and Biotransformation of Insulin-Enhancing Vanadium Pharmaceuticals". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (14): 5104–5115. doi:10.1021/ja043944n. PMID 15810845.
  2. N. Kaneko; H. Yasui; J. Takada; K. Suzuki; H. Sakurai (2004). "Orally administrated aluminum-maltolate complex enhances oxidative stress in the organs of mice". J. Inorg. Biochem. 98 (12): 2022–2031. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.09.008. PMID 15541491.
  3. L. R. Bernstein; T. Tanner; C. Godfrey; B. Noll (2000). "Chemistry and pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate, a compound with high oral gallium bioavailability". Metal-Based Drugs. 7 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1155/MBD.2000.33. PMC 2365198. PMID 18475921.
  4. D.M. Reffitt; T.J. Burden; P.T. Seed; J. Wood J; R.P. Thompson; J.J. Powell (2000). "Assessment of iron absorption from ferric trimaltol". Ann. Clin. Biochem. 37 (4): 457–66. doi:10.1258/0004563001899645. PMID 10902861.
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