Mammuthus subplanifrons
Mammuthus subplanifrons is the oldest representative of the genus Mammuthus, appearing around 5 million years ago during the early Pliocene in what is today South Africa and countries of East Africa, especially Ethiopia. They already presented some of the unique characteristics of mammoths like the spirally, twisting tusks.[2] It was 3.68 metres (12.1 ft) tall at the shoulder and weighed about 9 tonnes (8.9 long tons; 9.9 short tons).[3] In 2009, it was suggested that Loxodonta adaurora is indistinguishable from Mammuthus subplanifrons.[4] However, other authors have continued to regard the species as distinct.[5] Isotope analysis of specimens from South Africa suggests that M. subplanifrons was a flexible feeder.[6]
Mammuthus subplanifrons | |
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Skeletal restoration | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Proboscidea |
Family: | Elephantidae |
Genus: | †Mammuthus |
Species: | †M. subplanifrons |
Binomial name | |
†Mammuthus subplanifrons (Osborn, 1928) | |
Synonyms | |
Loxodonta adaurora (Maglio, 1970) |
![](../I/Mammuthus_subplanifrons.jpg.webp)
References
- "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database".
- Lister, Adrian; Bahn, Paul. (1 October 2007). Mammoths: giants of the ice age. Frances Lincoln LTD. p. 23. ISBN 9780711228016.
- Larramendi, A. (2016). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014.
- The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Volume 293, Issue 1, Article first published online: 20 NOV 2009: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.21010/pdf, retrieved 2 December 2011.
- Sanders, William J. (March 2020). "Proboscidea from Kanapoi, Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution. 140: 102547. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.10.013.
- Groenewald, Patricia A.; Sealy, Judith; Stynder, Deano; Smith, Kathlyn M. (April 2020). "Dietary resource partitioning among three coeval proboscidean taxa (Anancus capensis, Mammuthus subplanifrons, Loxodonta cookei) from the South African Early Pliocene locality of Langebaanweg E Quarry". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 543: 109606. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109606.