Manzano Group
The Manzano Group is a group of geologic formations in central New Mexico. These have radiometric ages of 1601 to 1662 million years (Ma), corresponding to the late Statherian period of the Paleoproterozoic.[1][2][3]
| Manzano Group | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
 Outcrops of Manzano Group (Sevilleta Metarhyolite) west of Abo Pass, New Mexico, US | |
| Type | Group |
| Sub-units | Blue Springs Formation Sais Quartzite Estadio Schist White Ridge Quartzite Abajo Formation Sevilleta Metarhyolite Bootleg Canyon Sequence Tijeras Greenstone |
| Thickness | 2,700 meters (8,900 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Metarhyolite, quartzite |
| Other | Schist, amphibolite |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 34.33°N 106.59°W |
| Region | New Mexico |
| Country | United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Manzano Mountains |
| Named by | A. Luther |
| Year defined | 2006 |
  Manzano Group (the United States)  Manzano Group (New Mexico) | |
The name Manzano Group was previously applied to a group of sedimentary formations of Permian age in roughly the same geographical area. The original Manzano Group was historically important in the establishment of the paleontological time scale of the Permian period in western North America.[4] However, the name was abandoned after 1920.[5][6]
Description
The group consists of Statherian lithostratigraphic units exposed in the Los Pinos Mountains and nearby ranges of central New Mexico. These are mostly metarhyolite or quartzite units with some schist and amphibolite, and form a sequence in excess of 2,700 meters (8,900 ft) thick.[1] The group records deformation attributed to the Mazatzal orogeny,[1][2] and the quartzites of the group may be the provenance of the lower conglomerates of the Marquenas Formation to the north,[2] which was previously problematic.[7] Study of the group also provides evidence in favor of the hypothesis that the Mazatzal Province was formed by continental arc volcanism from Yavapai crust. The group was subsequently severely folded and intruded by magma bodies during the Picuris orogeny.[3]
Stratigraphy
The group is best exposed in an overturned syncline in the Los Pinos Mountains. Here the stratigraphy is:[3]
- Blue Springs Formation (youngest)
- Sais Quartzite
- Estadio Schist
- White Ridge Quartzite
- Abajo Formation
- Sevilleta Metarhyolite
- Bootleg Canyon Sequence
- Tijeras Greenstone
The Estadio Schist is a garnet + staurolite + biotite schist, described as a marker bed separating the Sais Quartzite from the White Ridge Quartzite.[8]
History of investigation
The Manzano Series was first named by Herrick in 1900. Herrick correctly placed the Carboniferous - Permian boundary just below the base of this unit and identified Permian fossils in overlying beds, but could find no fossils within the series itself.[9] Gordon assigned the underlying beds to the (now-abandoned) Magdalena Group and added the overlying limestone beds now assigned to the San Andres Formation, and placed the Manzano Group in the upper Carboniferous[10] based on fossils reported by Lee and Girty.[4] The name continued in use at least as late as 1920, when Boese concluded from ammonite fossils that the Abo Formation was Uralian (Cisuralian?) in age. This placed the fossils in the upper Pennsylvanian as defined in western North America at that time, and Boese recommended abandonment, or at least heavy revision, of the Manzano Group.[6]
The modern units corresponding to the original Manzano Group are (in ascending stratigraphic order) the Bursum Formation, Abo Formation, Yeso Formation, Glorieta Sandstone, and San Andres Formation.[5] The Yeso Formation has itself been promoted to group rank,[11] though this has not been universally accepted.[12]
The name Manzano Group was revived in 2006 to refer to latest Statherian formations in the Manzano Mountains,[1] a usage that has since become more widely adopted.[2][3]
References
- Luther, Amy (2006). History and timing of polyphase Proterozoic deformation in the Manzano thrust belt, central New Mexico [master's thesis]. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
- Jones, James V., III; Daniel, Christopher G.; Frei, Dirk; Thrane, Kristine (2011). "Revised regional correlations and tectonic implications of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in northern New Mexico, USA: New findings from detrital zircon studies of the Hondo Group, Vadito Group, and Marqueñas Formation". Geosphere. 7 (4): 974. doi:10.1130/GES00614.1.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Holland, Mark E.; Grambling, Tyler A.; Karlstrom, Karl E.; Jones, James V.; Nagotko, Kimberly N.; Daniel, Christopher G. (September 2020). "Geochronologic and Hf-isotope framework of Proterozoic rocks from central New Mexico, USA: Formation of the Mazatzal crustal province in an extended continental margin arc". Precambrian Research. 347: 105820. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105820. S2CID 225308346.
- Lee, Willis T.; Girty, George H. (1909). "The Manzano Group of the Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico". United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 389. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
- "Manzano". GEOLEX. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
- Boese, E. (1 January 1920). "On the ammonoids from the Abo sandstone of New Mexico and the age of the beds which contain them". American Journal of Science. s4-49 (289): 51–60. doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-49.289.51.
- Bauer, Paul W.; Williams, Michael L. (August 1989). "Stratigraphic nomenclature ol proterozoic rocks, northern New Mexico-revisions, redefinitions, and formaliza" (PDF). New Mexico Geology. 11 (3). Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- Baer, Shannon; Karlstrom, Karl E.; Bauer, Paul; Connell, Sean D. (July 2004). "Geologic Map of the Manzano Peak Quadrangle, Valencia and Torrence Counties, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources Open File Digital Geologic Map. OF-GM 61. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- Herrick, C.L. (1900). "The geology of the white sands of New Mexico". Journal of Geology. 8 (2): 112–128. doi:10.1086/620780. S2CID 129830682. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
- Gordon, C.H. (1907). "Notes on the Pennsylvanian formations in the Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico". Journal of Geology. 15 (8): 805–816. doi:10.1086/621476. S2CID 140640217. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
- Lucas, Spencer G.; Krainer, Karl; Colpitts, Robert M., Jr. (2005a), Lucas, S.G.; Zeiger, K.E.; Spielmann, J.A. (eds.), "Abo-Yeso (lower Permian) stratigraphy in central New Mexico", The Permian of Central New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, vol. 31, pp. 101–117
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Cather, S.M.; Zeiger, Kate E.; Mack, Greg H.; Kelley, Shari A. (2013). "Toward standardization of Phanerozoic stratigraphic nomenclature in New Mexico". New Mexico Geological Society Spring Meeting: 12. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.667.3513.