Kroonstad

Kroonstad (Afrikaans directly translated "Crown City"), officially named Maokeng,[3] is the fourth largest town in the Free State (after Bloemfontein, Welkom and Bethlehem) and lies two hours' drive on the N1 from Gauteng. It is the second-largest commercial and urban centre in the Northern Free State (after Welkom), and an important railway junction on the main line from Cape Town to Johannesburg. Maokeng is Sesotho and means "place of the thorn trees (mimosa trees)".[4][5]

Not to be confused with Kronstadt, Russia.

Kroonstad
Maokeng
Town
Alex Fairweather corner in the CBD
Alex Fairweather corner in the CBD
Kroonstad is located in Free State (South African province)
Kroonstad
Kroonstad
Kroonstad is located in South Africa
Kroonstad
Kroonstad
Kroonstad is located in Africa
Kroonstad
Kroonstad
Coordinates: 27°39′S 27°14′E
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceFree State
DistrictFezile Dabi
MunicipalityMoqhaka
Established1854[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total89.1 km2 (34.4 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total168,762
 • Density1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
[2]
 • Black African85.2%
 • Coloured4.0%
 • Indian/Asian0.4%
 • White10.1%
 • Other0.3%
First languages (2011)
[2]
 • Sotho73.3%
 • Afrikaans15.8%
 • English3.1%
 • Xhosa2.5%
 • Other5.3%
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)
9499
PO box
9500
Area code056

History

Kroonstad was established in 1855[6] by the Irish pioneer Joseph Orpen, and was the first founded after the independence of the Orange Free State. While Kroon means "crown", this was in fact the name of a horse that had drowned in the nearby ford. A lover of animals, Orpen had witnessed the incident, and named the infant settlement in honour of the unfortunate creature. Similarly, the ford in question came to be known as Kroondrift.[6][7]

During the Second Boer War, from 13 March to 11 May 1900, the city became the capital of the Orange Free State, and subsequently the site of a concentration camp to contain Boer women and children.

Economy

The main industry of Kroonstad is agriculture. It is the centre of a rich agricultural district, producing maize, wheat, dairy and meat products and wool. The Bloemhoek Dam lies just east of the town and supplies much of its water needs. A caravan park and many more camp sites on the banks of the willow-lined Vals River (Valsrivier) are frequented by anglers and watersport enthusiasts.

Leisure

Leisure opportunities are plentiful in Kroonstad, where visitors can enjoy golf on the 18-hole course in the town, lion tours and interaction with lion and tiger cubs at the Boskoppie Lion and Tiger Park, fishing in the well stocked Vals River or on the Bloemhoek Dam, and boating on the Serfontein Dam. Horseriding, gliding and hiking trails are also available.

Transport

Road

Kroonstad lies directly on the N1, which bypasses the town centre to the east (to Johannesburg in the north and Bloemfontein in the south). Other regional roads in the town are the R34 to Odendaalsrus in the south-west and Heilbron in the east, the R76 to Steynsrus in the south-east and Viljoenskroon in the north-west, the R721 to Vredefort in the north-west and the R82 to Sasolburg in the north-east.

Rail

Kroonstad Railway Station serves the town and is located on the important railway junction from Cape Town to Johannesburg via Bloemfontein.

On 4 January 2018, a passenger train, operated by Shosholoza Meyl, collided with a truck on a level crossing near Kroonstad/Hennenman. The train was derailed, and at least one of the carriages caught fire. Twenty people were killed and 260 were injured.[8]

Air

Kroonstad is served by a small airport with no passenger flights.

Shopping

Shopping in Kroonstad is characterised by typical high street shopping. The development of the new Kroonstad Water Front Mall is underway, Maokeng Mall, Panorama Plaza, Checkers Centre, Shoprite Centre, Ultra City Centre and Pick'n'Pay centre.

General attractions

Kroonstad is said to be one of the Free State's loveliest towns and lies on the banks of the Vals River, a tributary of the Vaal, roughly two hours' drive from Johannesburg. It is situated in an area characterised by open spaces and an abundant variety of vegetation that makes it particularly beautiful. Kroonstad is a quaint town that serves as a good stop over en route between Johannesburg and Bloemfontein, lying as it does at virtually the halfway mark. Kroonstad offers an array of activities that include flea markets, a tea garden, fishing on the Vals River or at the Bloemhoek Dam, walking trails and lion tours and lion and tiger interaction at Boskoppie Lion and Tiger park. Today, as an important administrative, agricultural and educational centre, Kroonstad still boasts much of the inherent rugged beauty which led the Voortrekkers to establish the town where they did.

Sporting facilities of all kinds are well catered for, notably for jukskei, an Afrikaner folk sport. The headquarters of the SA Jukskei Council has been established here since 1951. The city is rich in historical sights; several historic buildings and statues, a former concentration camp, the Sarel Cilliers Museum (although currently inactive) and other places of national interest can be found here. Kroonstad is an important agricultural service centre in the Free State with a predominantly agricultural-orientated economy served by a modern toll-road. This brings the PWV Region within two hours drive from Kroonstad as well as being accessible from the North West, Bloemfontein and the Eastern Free State.

In July 2022 Kroonstad was announced as the winner in the Kwêla Dorp Van Die Jaar competition.[9]

Historical sites
Correspondents await the arrival of Lord Roberts during the Second Boer War, 1901

The Bloemspruit Monument 27°40′18″S 27°12′23″E commemorates those who died in the Kroonstad Concentration Camp,

A Garden of Remembrance 27°39′05″S 27°14′19″E commemorates Allied soldiers fallen in the two World Wars.

A blockhouse south of the city is a reminder of later stages of the Second Boer War.

Stone corbelled huts, refuges for the prehistoric inhabitants of the region, occur in various locations about the city.

In addition, fossils and San rock art are present in the region.

Notable people

Coat of arms

By 1931, the Kroonstad municipal council had assumed a coat of arms.[10] It was registered with the Orange Free State Provincial Administration in February 1967[11] and at the Bureau of Heraldry in April 1971.[12]

The arms were: Or, a tree on an island proper; on a chief Argent fimbriated Azure, a locomotive and tender Sable ("a golden shield displaying a tree on a grassy base, below a black locomotive and tender on a silver stripe across the top of the shield"). Originally, an imperial crown was placed above the shield, but it was replaced with a golden mural crown in the 1960s. The supporters were a black wildebeest and a blesbok, and the motto was Finis coronat opus.

Sister cities

Kroonstad has two sister cities whose names are reminiscent of its own:

  • Romania – Braşov (German: Kronstadt), a city in Romania
  • Russia – Kronstadt, a Russian seaport city west of Saint Petersburg

See also

References
  1. Robson, Linda Gillian (2011). "Annexure A" (PDF). The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact (PhD thesis). University of Pretoria. pp. xlv–lii. hdl:2263/26503.
  2. Sum of the Main Places Kroonstad and Maokeng from Census 2011.
  3. "Finalisation of name changes in the Free State | South African Government". www.gov.za. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
  4. "Leadership". 9 (6–10). Churchill Murray Publications. 1990: xlix. Maokeng (the name means "place of the thorn trees" [...] {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Ntantala, Phyllis (1993). A Life's Mosaic. University of California Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-520-08172-7. Kroonstad is known as Maokeng - 'at the place of the mimosa groves' - by the Sotho
  6. Raper, R.E. Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Human Sciences Research Council.
  7. "Joseph Millerd Orpen (1828 - 1923) - Genealogy". Geni.com. 5 November 1828. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
  8. "South Africa train crash: Four dead in truck collision". BBC News Online. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  9. "Dorp van die Jaar". August 2022.
  10. The arms were depicted on a cigarette card issued in 1931.
  11. Orange Free State Official Gazette 8 (17 February 1967).
  12. http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za%5B%5D
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