Margaret Bridge

Margaret Bridge or Margit híd (sometimes Margit Bridge) is a three-way bridge in Budapest, Hungary, connecting Buda and Pest across the Danube and linking Margaret Island to the banks. It is the second-northernmost and second-oldest public bridge in Budapest.

Margaret Bridge
Margaret Bridge, aerial photo
Coordinates47°30′53″N 19°02′37″E
Carriestwo road lanes
CrossesDanube River
LocaleBudapest
Official nameMargit híd
Characteristics
Total length607.6 metres (1,993 ft)
Width25 metres (82 ft)
History
DesignerErnest Goüin
Construction start1872
Construction end1876
Inaugurated30 April 1876
Location

It was designed by French engineer Ernest Goüin and built by the construction company Maison Ernest Goüin et Cie. between 1872 and 1876, the engineer in charge being Émile Nouguier. Margaret Bridge was the second permanent bridge in Budapest after Széchenyi Chain Bridge. This bridge leads up to Margaret Island, its two parts enclosing 165 degrees with each other at the embranchment towards the island. The reason for this unusual geometry is that the small extension to connect to Margaret Island was hastily inserted into the original design but not built until two decades later due to lack of funds.

The bridge's two ends are

It is 607.5 metres (1,993 ft) in length and 25 metres (82 ft) in width.

Reconstruction

World War II

After invading Soviet armies approached Budapest towards the end of World War II Wehrmacht sappers made plans to blow up all of the bridges in Budapest. However at approximately 2 pm on 4 November 1944 a spark from a passing tram prematurely ignited the fuse of the explosives while they were being primed.[1] The resulting explosion destroyed the eastern span of the bridge. Estimates of the number of victims range from 100 to 600: Among them were innocent civilians, about 40 German soldiers, passengers in a tram that overturned and plunged into the river, and Jewish forced laborers (including Olympic champion fencer Endre Kabos), who were on the bridge in a truck.[2]

“When we arrived in front of the Comedy Theatre we were shaken by a tremendous explosion. I ran back to the Danube embankment (around 250 metres away) where a huge crowd of people had gathered. On the Pest side two arches of the bridge had collapsed. Trams, cars and hundreds of people had fallen into the river. Two shattered carriages of the Number 6 tram jutted out of the water and the moans of the injured could be heard. Bodies were hanging from the railings and in the swirling waters there were dead and wounded. Ships, boats and police craft were trying to save whoever they could.” Miklós Kovalovszky [1]

All of the remaining bridges of Budapest were blown up by the Wehrmacht in January 1945 during their retreat to the Buda side of the surrounded capital.

During reconstruction of the Margaret Bridge, much of the original steel material was lifted from the river and incorporated into the rebuilt structure.

2009–2011
After renovation

By the beginning of the 2000s, the bridge was in very bad shape. It became life-threatening therefore, its reconstruction became very important. The recondition (after the Megyeri Bridge and Szabadság Bridge completion) began 21 August 2009. It was closed to road traffic for at least a year, but trams maintained a partial service over the bridge using temporary track. The whole project took more than 20 billion forints and half of the costs were financed from EU funds. The restoration was completed in 2011. They tried to restore the original appearance of the bridge. Instead of reinforced concrete, durable steel was used and new barriers and floodlights were installed. The middle lanes were widened, the sidewalk expanded by approx. 2 meters and the bike path completed.[3]

During the 2011 renovation, human remains were discovered. The mostly Jewish remains were victims of the far-right Arrow Cross Party, who briefly governed Hungary from 1944.[4]

Cultural references

Soon after the bridge was inaugurated, it became a preferred spot for people seeking to take their own lives over personal or financial troubles. The wave of suicides inspired János Arany,[5] a renowned Hungarian poet to compose a ballad, "Híd-avatás" ("Bridge Inauguration"), about the jumpers. It was widely distributed in leaflet format, illustrated with Mihály Zichy's romantic styled intricate pencil drawings.

  • 1888 – before the Bridge was connected to Margaret Island; future Újlipótváros streets are shown
    1888 – before the Bridge was connected to Margaret Island; future Újlipótváros streets are shown
  • The dropped bridge, 4 November 1944
    The dropped bridge, 4 November 1944
  • 2009 – western section, southern side of Margaret Bridge
    2009 – western section, southern side of Margaret Bridge
  • 2012 - after renovation
    2012 - after renovation
  • 2009 – structure of the connecting section to Margaret Island
    2009 – structure of the connecting section to Margaret Island
  • 2010 - renovation effort
    2010 - renovation effort
  • 2012 - after renovation
    2012 - after renovation
  • Lantern
    Lantern
  • Plaque commemorating the construction and reconstructions of the bridge
    Plaque commemorating the construction and reconstructions of the bridge

See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Margaret Bridge, Budapest.

References
  1. Sebestyen, Victor (2022). Budapest: Between East and West (Hardcover). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 294–295. ISBN 9781474609999.
  2. Tarbay, David (4 March 2016). "Jewish Skeletons in Hungary's Closet Return to Haunt It". Haaretz. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  3. Lovely Budapest
  4. "Hungary buries remains of Holocaust victims executed by Nazis on banks of the Danube River". National Post. Associated Press. 15 April 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  5. Chapple, Amos (12 February 2021). "The Rooftop Creatures of Budapest". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.

47°30′53″N 19°02′37″E

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