Markarian 421

Markarian 421 (Mrk 421, Mkn 421) is a blazar located in the constellation Ursa Major. The object is an active galaxy and a BL Lacertae object, and is a strong source of gamma rays. It is about 397 million light-years (redshift: z=0.0308 eq. 122Mpc)[2] to 434 million light-years (133Mpc)[3] from the Earth. It is one of the closest blazars to Earth, making it one of the brightest quasars in the night sky. It is suspected to have a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at its center due to its active nature. An early-type high inclination spiral galaxy (Markarian 421-5) is located 14 arc-seconds northeast of Markarian 421.

Markarian 421
Sloan Digital Sky Survey image of Mrk 421
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension11h 04m 27.314s[1]
Declination+38° 12′ 31.80″[1]
Redshift0.030021[1][2]
Distance397-434 million light-years
(122[2]-133[3] Mpc)
TypeBL LAC[1][2]
Apparent magnitude (V)12.9 (SIMBAD)[1]
13.3 (NED)[2]
11.6-16 (B Band)[4]
Other designations
B2 1101+38, UGC 6132, PGC 33452, 2E 2393, QSO B1101+384, Mark 421[1]
See also: Quasar, List of quasars

It was first determined to be a very high energy gamma ray emitter in 1992 by M. Punch at the Whipple Observatory,[5] and an extremely rapid outburst in very-high-energy gamma rays (15-minute rise-time) was measured in 1996 by J. Gaidos at Whipple Observatory [6]

Markarian 421 also had an outburst in 2001 and is monitored by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope project.[7]

Due to its brightness (around 13.3 magnitude, max. 11.6 mag. and min. 16 mag.) the object can also be viewed by amateurs in smaller telescopes.

References
  1. "Mrk 421". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  2. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for MRK 0421. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  3. "Distance Results for MRK 0421". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
  4. "Variable Star Of The Season AAVSO. Winter 2004: Markarian 421". AAVSO. December 28, 2007. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  5. Punch, M.; Akerlof, Carl W.; Cawley, M. F.; Chantell, M.; Fegan, D. J.; Fennell, S.; Gaidos, J. A.; Hagan, J.; Hillas, A. M.; Jiang, Y.; Kerrick, A. D.; Lamb, R. C.; Lawrence, M. A.; Lewis, D. A.; Meyer, D. I.; Mohanty, G.; Oflaherty, K. S.; Reynolds, P. T.; Rovero, A. C.; Schubnell, Michael; Sembroski, G. H.; Weekes, T. C.; Whitaker, T.; Wilson, C. (6 August 1992). "Detection Of Tev Photons From The Active Galaxy Markarian 421, Nature, Volume 358, Issue 6386, pp 477-478 (Aug. 6, 1992)". Nature. 358 (6386): 477. Bibcode:1992Natur.358..477P. doi:10.1038/358477a0. hdl:2027.42/62745. S2CID 4349393.
  6. Gaidos, J. A.; Akerlof, C. W.; Biller, S.; Boyle, P. J.; Breslin, A. C.; Buckley, J. H.; Carter-Lewis, D. A.; Catanese, M.; Cawley, M. F.; Fegan, D. J.; Finley, J. P.; Gordo, J. Bussöns; Hillas, A. M.; Krennrich, F.; Lamb, R. C.; Lessard, R. W.; McEnery, J. E.; Masterson, C.; Mohanty, G.; Moriarty, P.; Quinn, J.; Rodgers, A. J.; Rose, H. J.; Samuelson, F.; Schubnell, M. S.; Sembroski, G. H.; Srinivasan, R.; Weekes, T. C.; Wilson, C. L.; Zweerink, J. (1996). "Extremely rapid bursts of TeV photons from the active galaxy Markarian 421, Nature, Volume 383, Issue 6598, pp. 319-320 (1996)" (PDF). Nature. 383 (6598): 319. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..319G. doi:10.1038/383319a0. S2CID 4327435.
  7. Sillanpää, A.; Takalo, L. O.; Webt Collaboration (2001). "Optical monitoring of the blazar Mk421 during the TeV outburst". International Cosmic Ray Conference. 7: 2699. Bibcode:2001ICRC....7.2699S.


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