Mary Leigh

Mary Leigh (née Brown; 1885–1978) was an English political activist and suffragette.[1][2][3]

Mary Leigh
Born
Mary Brown

1885 (1885)
Manchester, England,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Died1978 (aged 92–93)
NationalityBritish
OccupationSuffragette

Life

Leigh was born as Mary or Marie Brown in 1885. She was born in Manchester and was a schoolteacher until her marriage to a builder, surnamed Leigh. She joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1906, aged 20 or 21. In 1908 Leigh, Jennie Baines, Lucy Burns, Alice Paul, Emily Davison and Mabel Capper were arrested for trying to stop a Limehouse meeting on the Budget by Lloyd George. On 17 September 1909, she, Charlotte Marsh and Patricia Woodlock climbed onto the roof of Bingley Hall in Birmingham to protest at being excluded from a political meeting where the British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith was giving a speech. They threw tiles which they levered up with an axe at Asquith's car and at the police. Leigh was given sentences totaling four months in Winson Green Prison. There she again protested about not being treated as a political prisoner by breaking a window and by going on hunger strike. Leigh and Patricia Woodlock[4] were force-fed in Winson Green gaol in 1909.[5]

Leigh had been given a Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour' by WSPU.

On 18 July 1912 in Dublin, she threw a hatchet at Asquith, hitting instead Irish nationalist leader John Redmond who was injured. Leigh was unhappy with the WSPU, but refused to leave when Emmeline Pankhurst asked for loyalty or for members to leave. She remained loyal as she felt an ownership for the organisation she had helped create.[6]

Edith New and Mary Leigh's carriage being pulled from Holloway to Queen's Hall in 1908

After Emily Davison was run over by the King's horse at the Epsom Derby in 1913, Leigh and Rose Yates was at the dying Davison's bedside, and headed a guard of honour for the funeral procession.[3] On 13 October 1913, at the Bow Baths in the East End of London, Leigh was hurt when police were hitting women and men protestors with clubs, according to Mrs Pankhurst.[7] World War I precipitated a split between Leigh, Yates and other leading suffragettes with Emmeline Pankhurst. Pankhurst had agreed that the WSPU would suspend its militant campaign for female suffrage and back the government's fight against Germany. Leigh and other radicals disagreed with this policy, and broke away to form the "Suffragettes of the WSPU" (SWSPU).[8] The organisation intended to be militant and national but never achieved a large impact. Like the Independent WSPU, it was created in 1916. The SWSPU passed a resolution to concentrate on women's suffrage and to not encourage debate about former WSPU leaders.[6]

Terrorism

Simon Webb, author of a book on suffragette terrorism, wrote in a letter to The Guardian that Leigh and other radical suffragettes set fire to a theatre full of people and bombed it. They were prosecuted for "endangering life".[9]

See also

References
  1. Purvis, June (2002). Emmeline Pankhurt: A Biography. Routledge. pp. 109–110. ISBN 978-0-415-23978-3.
  2. "Starving Suffragist Ill" (PDF). The New York Times. 25 August 1912. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
  3. Crawford, Elizabeth (2001). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928. Routledge. pp. 338–40, 764. ISBN 978-0-415-23926-4.
  4. Atkinson, Diane (17 April 2018). Rise up, women! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes. London. ISBN 978-1-4088-4404-5. OCLC 1016848621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. Myall, M. (23 September 2004). Leigh [née Brown], Mary [Marie] (b. 1885, d. in or after 1965), militant suffragette. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; retrieved 1 December 2017
  6. Krista Cowman (15 July 2007). Women of the Right Spirit: Paid Organisers of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), 1904-18. Manchester University Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-7190-7002-0.
  7. inspiringcity (25 November 2015). "Sylvia Pankhurst and the East London Suffragettes, historic locations and where to find them". Inspiring City. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  8. Crawford, Elizabeth (1999). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928. London: UCL Press. pp. 763–64. ISBN 978-1-84142-031-8.
  9. Letters (10 June 2018). "Suffragettes did commit terrorist acts - Letters". The Guardian.

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