Duke of Masovia

Duke of Masovia (Polish: Książę Mazowsza) was a title borne by the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth.[1] In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four to five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

Dukes of Masovia in 1450

The following is a list of all rulers of the Duchy of Masovia and its parts. Although not all incumbents listed here had titular rights to the title of Duke of Masovia, they are all listed as such for simplicity's sake.

Also take note that some of the dates are merely approximate and the ownership of certain lands might be disputed. Finally, this table does not include lands ruled by dukes of other parts of partitioned Poland or Wenceslaus II and Wenceslaus III.

Duchy of Masovia

Partitions of Masovia

The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory.

Duchy of Masovia
(1st creation)
(1138-1275)
Duchy of Czersk
(1st creation)
(1275-1294)
Duchy of Płock
(1st creation)
(1275-1294)
Duchy of Masovia
(Płock line; 2nd creation)
(1294-1313)
Duchy of Warsaw
(1st creation)
(1313-1355)
Duchy of Rawa
(1st creation)
(1313-1355)
Duchy of Płock
(2nd creation)
(1313-1351)
Annexed to Poland
(1355-1370)
Duchy of Masovia
(Warsaw line; 3rd creation)
(1355-1381)
      
Duchy of Warsaw
(2nd creation)
(1381-1495)
Duchy of Płock
(3rd creation)
(1381-1462)
Duchy of Rawa
(2nd creation)
(1426/34-1442)
       Duchy of Bełz
(1426/34-1442)
      
      
Duchy of Czersk
(2nd creation)
(1471-1495)
       Duchy of Płock
(4th creation)
(1471-1495)
Duchy of Masovia
(Czersk line; 4th creation)
(1495-1526)

Piast Dynasty

RulerBornReignDeathRuling PartConsortNotes
Boleslaus (I) the Curly11251138-11735 January 1173MasoviaViacheslava Vsevolodovna of Novgorod
1138
three children

Maria
after 1160
no children
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also Duke of Silesia and monarch of Poland.
Leszek I11621173-11861186MasoviaUnmarriedSon of Bolesław the Curly.
Casimir (II) the Just11381186-11945 May 1194Masovia Helen of Znojmo
1163
seven children
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also monarch of Poland.
Regency of Helen of Znojmo (1194-1200) Son of Casimir the Just. Also monarch of Poland, after his abdication of Masovia to his brother Conrad, in 1200, shortly after reaching majority.
Leszek II the White1184/51194-120024 November 1227MasoviaGrimislava Ingvarevna of Lutsk
between 1208 and 1211
three children
Conrad I1187/81200-124731 August 1247MasoviaAgafia Yaroslavna of Peremyshl
between 1207 and 1210
ten children
Son of Casimir the Just. Also monarch of Poland.
Boleslaus I12081247-124825 February 1248MasoviaGertrude of Lower Silesia
1232
no children

Anastasia Alexandrovna of Belz
between 1245 and July 1247
no children
Son of Conrad I. Died without descendants.
Siemowit I1224/81248-126223 June 1262Masovia Pereyaslava Danilovna of Halych
1248
three children
Brother of Bolesław I. Killed in a battle against the Lithuanians, who also took his heir prisoner.
Regencies of Pereyaslava Danilovna of Halych and Boleslaus, Duke of Greater Poland (1262-1264) Released after two years of captivity. In 1275 divided the land with his brother Bolesław. After the division of the duchy he received Czersk. His death without male heirs allowed his brother to reunite the Duchy.
Conrad II 1250 1264-1275 24 June or 21 December 1294 Masovia Hedwig of Legnica
1265/70
one child
1275-1294Czersk
Boleslaus II 1253/8 1275-1294 20 April 1313 Płock Gaudemantė Sophia of Lithuania
1279
three children

Kunigunde of Bohemia
1291
(divorced 1302)
two children
Reunited the duchy after the death of his brother, but after his own death Masovia was divided again.
1294-1313Masovia
Trojden I1284/61310-134113 March 1341WarsawMaria Yurievna of Galicia-Volhynia
1309/10
four children
Son of Boleslaus II, retained Czersk during his father's lifetime. After Boleslaus' death, Trojden received more lands in inheritance and made Warsaw his new capital. Put his own son in the throne of Galicia-Volhynia.
Siemowit II12831313-134518 February 1345RawaUnmarriedSon of Boleslaus II, retained Rawa. Left no descendants and his duchy was inherited by his nephews Siemowit III and Casimir I.
Wenceslaus I1293/71313-133623 May 1336PłockDannila Elisabeth of Lithuania
1316
two children
Son of Boleslaus II, retained Płock.
Regencies of Siemowit II, Duke of Rawa and Trojden I, Duke of Warsaw (1336-1340) Son of Wenceslaus. In 1351 Płock was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Boleslaus III1322/301336-135120 August 1351PłockUnmarried
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland (1351-1370)
Casimir I 1329/31 1341-1349 26 November/5 December 1355 Warsaw Unmarried Sons of Trojden I, ruled jointly. In 1345 inherited Rawa. In 1349 divided the land between them: Siemowit received Warsaw and Casimir Rawa. After Casimir's death without descendants in 1355, Siemowit reunited Masovia. He also brought Płock from Poland in 1370. After his death the duchy was again divided between his sons Janusz I and Siemowit IV.
1345-1355Rawa
Siemowit III 1320 1341-1355 16 June 1381 Warsaw Euphemia of Opava
1335
five children

Anna of Ziębice
c.1360
three children
1345-1349Rawa
1355-1381Masovia
John I the Elder1347/521381-14298 December 1429WarsawDanutė Anna of Lithuania
1371/3
four children
Son of Siemowit III, since 1386 hereditary vassal of Poland, after 1391 Duke of Podlasie. Although the division, the duchy of Czersk remained annexed to the duchy of Warsaw.
Siemowit IV the Younger1353/61381-142621 January 1426Płock
(with Rawa)
Alexandra of Lithuania
1387
thirteen children
Son of Siemowit III. Since 1386, was an hereditary vassal of Poland, and, although having lost much of his domain to the Teutonic Order in 1382 (Wizna, Zawkrze, Płońsk), he gained other duchies (Bełz) from Poland.
Trojden II1403/61426-142725 July 1427Płock
(with Rawa)
Unmarried Sons of Siemowit IV, ruled jointly. In 1434 the three surviving brothers divided the land: Siemowit received Rawa, Casimir received Bełz, ad Ladislaus received Płock. The death of Siemowit and Casimir in 1442, both without descendants, allowed Ladislaus to reunite the inheritance of his father (all but Gostynin, town that remained under Siemowit V's widow's control).
Siemowit V13891426-144217 February 1442Rawa
(since 1434)
Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz
bet. 15 October 1434 and 17 February 1437
one child
Casimir II1401/31426-144215 September 1442Bełz
(since 1434)
Margareta Szamotuły
26 June 1442
no children
Ladislaus I1406/91426-145511/12 December 1455PłockAnna of Oleśnica
1444
two children
Regency of Anna of Lithuania (1429-1436)
Boleslaus IV14211429-145410 September 1454WarsawBarbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy
1440/5
ten children
Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz14101442-14595 July 1459Rawa
(at Gostynin)
Siemowit V
bet. 15 October 1434 and 17 February 1437
one child
Received Gostynin as her husband's inheritance. After her death her part rejoined Płock.
Anna of Oleśnicac.14251455-1482After
15 August 1482
Płock
(in Sochaczew (1455-76);
in Koło-Mszczonów
(1476-82))
Ladislaus I
1444
two children
Sons of Ladislaus I, ruled jointly. In 1459 inherited Gostynin from their aunt Margareta. After their deaths, Masovia was again reunited by the sons of Boleslaus IV. Their mother Anna, besides the regency of her sons, had also an independent seat in Sochaczew (1455–76). When this land was annexed to Poland, she received Koło and Mszczonów as compensation (1476–82).
Regencies of Anna of Oleśnica and Paul Giżycki, Bishop of Płock (1455-1459)
Siemowit VI2 January 1446 1455-146231 December 1461/1 January 1462Płock Unmarried
Ladislaus IIAfter 31 October 144827 February 1462Płock
Regencies of Barbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy and Paul Giżycki, Bishop of Płock (1454-1462) Sons of Boleslaus IV, ruled jointly under regency. In 1462 they inherited the rest of Masovia, reuniting the Duchy. However in 1471 they made new partitions: Casimir received Płock, however in 1475 abdicated of his lands to his brother Janusz, who hadn't any share of the land since 1471; Conrad received Czersk and Boleslaus Warsaw, which was reunited with Czersk by Conrad after Boleslaus' death in 1488. In 1495, as the last surviving brother in power, he reunited all Masovia definitely.
Casimir III 10 June 1448/8 June 1449 1454-1471 9 June 1480 Warsaw Unmarried
1471-1475Płock
Boleslaus Vc.14531454-148827 April 1488WarsawAnna Radzanów
20 July 1477
(morganatic, annulled 1480)
no children
John II 1455 1454-1471 16 February 1495 Warsaw Unmarried
1475-1495Płock
Conrad III the Red 1447/8 1454-1471

1488-1495
28 October 1503 Warsaw Magdaena Stawrot
1468/70
(morganatic)
no children

Unknown
bef. 20 July 1477
(morganatic, divorced 1493?)
no children

Anna Radziwiłł
bet. 29 September 1496 and 2 April 1497
four children
1471-1495Czersk
1495-1503Masovia
Regency of Anna Radziwiłł (1503-1518) Sons of Conrad III, ruled jointly.
John III27 September 15021503-15269/10 March 1526MasoviaUnmarried
Stanisław I17 May 15011503-15248 August 1524MasoviaUnmarried
Annac.14981526-1537After 26 January 1557MasoviaStanisław Odrowąż
1536
one child
The last Masovian Piast. Sister of Stanislaus and John III. Anna was elected duchess by the nobles to maintain the independence of the Duchy. She forfeited her rights to Poland in 1537.

See also

References

  1. "Bolesław III Wrymouth". Geni.com. 11 November 2022.
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