Tomb of Allama Iqbal

The Tomb of Allama Iqbal, or Mazar-e-Iqbal (Urdu: مزارِ اقبال), is the final resting place of Muhammad Iqbal, the national poet of Pakistan. Designed in the Mughal architectural style, the mausoleum is located next to the walls of the iconic Mughal-era Badshahi Mosque, within the Hazuri Bagh in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.[1]

Muhammad Iqbal, then president of the Muslim League in 1930 and address deliverer

Tomb of Allama Iqbal
مزارِ اقبال (Urdu)
The mausoleum with Badshahi Mosque in the background
Former namesMahmood
General information
TypeMausoleum
Architectural styleMughal
LocationLahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Design and construction
Architect(s)Nawab Zain Yar Jang Bahadur

Background
Main article: Muhammad Iqbal

Iqbal was one of the major inspirations behind the Pakistan Movement, and is revered in Pakistan as Muffakir-e-Pakistan (The Thinker of Pakistan) or Shair-e-Mashriq (The Poet of the East).[2] Iqbal died on 21 April 1938 in Lahore at the age of 60. Thousands of visitors come to the mausoleum every day to pay their respects to the poet-philosopher.[3] It is said that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk sent earth collected from Maulana Rumi's tomb to be sprinkled on this grave[4]

History

Soon after Iqbal's death in April 1938, a committee was formed that was presided over by Chaudhary Mohammed Hussain.[5]

A major problem in the realisation of this monument was a lack adequate funds. The committee resolved not to accept any donations from the local governments and state rulers, and so funds were raised through the contributions from Iqbal's friends, admirers and disciples.[6]

Architecture

The architecture has a combination of styles; however, it reflects mainly the Mughal style. The structure is entirely constructed of red sandstone,[7] which was brought from Jaipur, British India, and building marble from Makrana, Rajputana. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, construction was affected due to export restrictions of red stone from India. Six couplets of a ghazal are carved from Iqbal's poetical work Zabur-e-Ajam (Persian Psalms) on the mausoleum's interior surfaces.[8] Outside, there is a small garden, distributed into small plots. The mausoleum was designed by Hyderabad Deccan's then Chief Architect, Nawab Zain Yar Jang Bahadur and took thirteen years to build at a cost of about one hundred thousand (Rs. 100,000) Pakistani rupees. The major reason for delay was the stoppage of red-stone from Jaipur in post-independence India.[4]

Grave and cenotaph

The rectangular mausoleum has two gates at the eastern and southern side respectively, inlaid with marble, while the cenotaph itself is made of white marble. The tombstone was a gift from the people of Afghanistan, and is made of lapis lazuli and inscribed with Quranic verses in calligraphy inscribed in Afghanistan.

Conservation

The tomb complex is listed on the Protected Heritage Monuments of the Archaeology Department of Punjab.[9]


  • North wall of the mausoleum
    North wall of the mausoleum
  • South East side of the mausoleum
    South East side of the mausoleum
  • Inside Iqbal's mausoleum, a marble cenotaph
    Inside Iqbal's mausoleum, a marble cenotaph
  • Guard at the mausoleum, with Lahore Fort in background
    Guard at the mausoleum, with Lahore Fort in background
  • Iqbal's mausoleum adjacent to the Badshahi Mosque's gateway
    Iqbal's mausoleum adjacent to the Badshahi Mosque's gateway
  • Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal
    Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal
  • Tomb of Iqbal as depicted on the old One Rupee Note
    Tomb of Iqbal as depicted on the old One Rupee Note

See also

References
  1. "Mazar-e-Iqbal, Lahore | Directorate General of Archaeology".
  2. Annemarie Schimmel, Muhammad Iqbal 1873–1938: The Ascension of the Poet, Die Welt des Islams, New Ser., Vol. 3, Issue 3/4. 1954. pp. 145–157
  3. Mushirul Hasan, H., A Nationalist conscience: M. A. Ansari, the Congress and the Raj, Manohar New Delhi. 1987
  4. Iqbal’s final resting place, Amna Nasir Jamal, 20 April 2002, Dawn
  5. Muhammad Baqir, Lahore, Past and Present. University of the Panjab. Panjab University Press. 1952. p.429
  6. A great eastern poet, philosopher, Subhash Parihar, The Tribune India, 10 July 1999
  7. Mohammad Waliullah Khan, Lahore and Its Important Monuments, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan. 1964. p.89-91
  8. Annemarie Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent (Handbuch Der Orientalistik), Brill. 1980. ISBN 978-90-04-06117-0
  9. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. "Guidelines for Critical & Sensitive Areas" (PDF). Government of Pakistan. pp. 12, 47, 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
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