McPherson Ridge

The Confederate assault on the barn

On July 1, 1863, at ~8 am, Buford's 3,200 dismounted cavalrymen held the ridge until 10:30 am against 7,000 Confederates until the arrival of the I Corps infantry.[15] After the Union forces retreated to Seminary Ridge, 2 companies of the 55th Virginia Infantry Regiment attacked the "large barn in which many of the Yankees took refuge. ... An officer standing in the door of the barn, when ordered to surrender by Major Lauson, refused";[16] and after the barn was captured it was used as a field hospital.[17]

In 1869,[18] a "Horse Railway" was built over the ridge from the borough station,[19][20] and in 1884 the steamtrain railroad was extended westward through the railway cut (a 1902 plan to extend the electric trolley over the ridge was not implemented.)[21] A Pennsylvania bill passed in 1885[22] for the 1886 John F. Reynolds monument in Herbst Woods erected by "Post No. 9, G.A.R."[23] In 1887, Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association Director Edward McPherson acted as the agent for Samuel A. Whitney,[24] who sold 17 acres (6.9 ha) on the ridge for a GBMA avenue,[23] and the 1887 "Iron Platt Truss Bridge" over the railway cut was built by the Gilbert and Smith Foundry for the "First Day's Avenue".[23] The ridge's modern name was used as early as 1892—in Minnigh's What They Did Here[25] ("West Reynolds Avenue, McPherson Ridge")[26]^: 119—and in a newspaper by The Sun for a 1913 Gettysburg reunion report.[27]

After the February 1895 "Sickles Gettysburg Park Bill" (28 Stat. 651) passed,[28] John B. McPherson deeded 58.18 acres (23.54 ha) to the United States in April,[29] and the eminent domain decree of United States v. Five Tracts of Land on October 2, 1900, seized 3 "Reynolds Woods" tracts totalling 40.47 acres (16.38 ha).[30] Stone Avenue was constructed in 1902,[31] and by 1904 Meredith Avenue was on part of the "Springs Hotel Avenue[32] and [former] Horse Railroad".[19][33] On December 24, 1904, the Gettysburg National Military Park acquired 36.56 acres (14.80 ha) on/near the ridge for $3,626[29] and in 1906, part of Pennsylvania's Camp Henderson was on the ridge.

In 1913, the Chambersburg Turnpike was designated part of the original Lincoln Highway, and in 1927 the Hagerstown Road became Pennsylvania Route 51 (Pennsylvania Route 116 in 1928). The National Park Service replaced the commemorative era guide station on the pike with a Gettysburg Parkitecture entrance station[34] ("Lincolnway station" of Gettysburg Granite) which opened on June 5, 1937;[35] and the 1903 bridge over the railway cut [36] was replaced in 1958 for Mission 66.[37] A Battlefield America Guide about the ridge was published in 2002,[14] and monuments on the ridge were designated historic district contributing structures in 2004.[38]