Mel Edwards

Melvin "Mel" Edwards (born May 4, 1937)[1][2] is an American artist, teacher, and abstract steel-metal sculptor. Additionally he has worked in drawing and printmaking. His artwork has political content often referencing African-American history, as well as the exploration of themes within slavery.[1][3] Visually his works are characterized by the use of straight-edged triangular and rectilinear forms in metal. He lives between Upstate New York and in Plainfield, New Jersey.[4]

Mel Edwards
Born
Melvin Eugene Edwards, Jr.

(1937-05-04) May 4, 1937
Houston, Texas, U.S.
Alma materUniversity of Southern California
Known forSculpture
Spouse(s)Karen Hamre, (m. 1960–1969, divorce),
Jayne Cortez, (m. 1976–2012, her death)
WebsiteOfficial website

He has had more than a dozen one-person show exhibits and been in over four dozen group shows. Edwards has had solo exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), and the New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, New Jersey.

Early life and education

Melvin Eugene Edwards, Jr., was born on May 4, 1937, in Houston, Texas, to Thelmarie Edwards and Melvin Edwards Sr,[2] and was the eldest of his parents' four children.[3] His father worked for Houston Lighting & Power and his parents divorced in early childhood.[4] He was raised in Dayton, Ohio for five years, but by middle-school age the family moved back to Houston.[4][3] Edwards is black and grew up in Houston during a time of racial segregation. He attended E. O. Smith Junior High School and Phillis Wheatley High School.[5][3] He was a creator from a young age and was encouraged by his parents with his father building his first easel when he was 14 years old.[3] Edwards was introduced to abstract art by a high-school teacher.[5] While attending high school, Edwards started to take art classes at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.[3]

In 1955, he moved to southern California to pursue studies at Los Angeles City College.[6] Edwards transferred schools to study art and play football at the University of Southern California (USC), where he received his B.F.A. degree in 1965.[1][3][6] While attending USC, Edwards took a history course that was rooted in a European-centric view, which upset him and fueled him to learn more about African history. This inspired his travel to Africa five years later.[3]

He attended Los Angeles County Art Institute (known as Otis College of Art and Design) during breaks from USC to study sculpture with Renzo Fenci.[6] Additionally, Edwards was mentored by Hungarian-American painter Francis de Erdely, and studied under Hal Gebhardt, Hans Burkhardt, and Edward Ewing.[7][5][8]

Teaching

In 1965, he went on to teach at the Chouinard Art Institute (now known as the California Institute of the Arts) until 1967.[6] He moved to New York City in 1967.[9] Additionally he taught at Orange County Community College in New York (1967–1969), and the University of Connecticut (1970–1972).[2][10]

In 1972, he began teaching art classes at Livingston College of Rutgers University (now part of the Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences).[11] By 1980, he was a full professor and teaching at the Mason Gross School of Creative and Performing Arts at Rutgers University.[11] By 2002, he retired from teaching.

Art career

His first one-person exhibition was held in 1965 at the Santa Barbara Museum of Art in Santa Barbara, California.[9] Edwards cited jazz music as an influence on his work.[12]

In 1965, Edwards was working in Los Angeles as a driver for a film company, on his breaks he would visit Tamarind Print Institute. It was at Tamarind where he met many influential national artists such as George Sugarman, Richard Hunt, Leon Golub, Louise Nevelson, and Gabriel Kohn.[13] Later in that year, Sugarman had a New York University art exhibition, which Edwards photographed for him. At that exhibition, Edwards met Al Held and asked him for a job and Held pointed him to a recent Yale University graduate, painter William T. Williams.[14] The two artists went on to have a very close partnership that continues to this day.[15]

In 1970, Edwards took his first trip to Africa, visiting the West African republics of Nigeria, Togo, Benin, and Ghana.[3] This trip influenced his work, and was followed by other visits to Africa over the years.[3] During the 1970s, he participated in a community art space called Communications Village, operated by printmaker Benjamin Leroy Wigfall in Kingston, NY. Andrews made prints with the help of printer assistants who had been taught printmaking by Wigfall, and Edwards exhibited there.[16]

Work

Smokehouse (1968–1970)

Smokehouse (also known as Smokehouse Associates, Smokehouse Collective, Smokehouse Painters) was a New York City-based community "wall painting" initiative created in part by Melvin Edwards and William T. Williams, spanning from 1968 until 1970.[17][13] The project existed as a social experiment asking the question "can abstraction solve social justice?"[6] The wall paintings consisted of hard edge graphics and geometric patterns,[6] occurring between 120th street and 125th street of Harlem. It was born out of the pondering of how the 19th-century tradition of stacking houses affected the human psyche and Melvin Edwards believed there is a strong correlation between living spaces and the lives of people. He mentions this in an interview at the Soul of a Nation Symposium in 2018 stating: "If you change places, you can change the lives of people."[15] Edwards wanted the public to participate in the way cities were developing. In every project, Smokehouse would hire someone elderly within the community and someone young.

These murals were small-scale, never going higher than 16 ft, due to the height restrictions of the initiative's ladder. Nevertheless, Smokehouse painted alleyways, tops of buildings, and sides of buildings. William T. Williams handled the logistics of the organization.[14] As the project continued, MOMA patron Celeste Bartos and David Rockefeller underwrote these projects. The more recognition they got the bigger people wanted them to go. They didn't feel comfortable going too large.

121st and Sylvan still have the annual tradition of doing a community-based mural project because of Smokehouse.[14][18]

Lynch Fragments series (1963–present)
Palmares (1988), from the series Lynch Fragments, at the National Gallery of Art's showing of Afro-Atlantic Histories in 2022
Cup of? (1988), Chitungwiza (1989), Katutura (1986), and Sekuru Knows (1988), from the series Lynch Fragments, at the Museum of Modern Art in 2022

Edwards' work Some Bright Morning (1963) started his series called, Lynch Fragments and was a reference to Ralph Ginzburg's anthology, 100 Years of Lynchings (1962).[19][20][7] The series now has more than 200 pieces.[3] Inspired by the turmoil of the Civil Rights Movement, these small-scale welded metal wall reliefs were developed in three periods: 1963 to 1967, 1973 to 1974, and 1978 to the present.[7][21] Edwards created the series as metaphor of the struggles experienced by African Americans.[22] A variety of metal objects are employed as the raw materials for these works, including hammer heads, scissors, locks, chains, and railroad splices.[3] The sculptures, usually no more than a foot tall, are hung on the wall at eye level.

Rocker series

Edwards is also known for smaller freestanding works, the kinetic "Rockers" series.[23] Works from the Rocker series include, Homage to Coco (1970), Good Friends in Chicago (1972), Avenue B (Rocker) (1975), Memories of Coco (1980), A Conversation with Norman Lewis (1980), among others.[24] These moving sculptures are inspired by his memories, including one of him falling off his grandmother's rocking-chair and another as a homage to his friendships. Edwards used the term "syncopate" to describe the interaction while rocking, and the relationship of syncopation in African-American music.[24]

Other work

He is also known for works executed in the medium of printmaking.

His large-scale, public art works include, Homage to My Father and the Spirit (1969, Cornell University, Appel Commons, Ithaca, New York),[25] Pyramid Up and Down Pyramid (1969, re-fabricated 2017, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City),[26][27] Homage to Billie Holiday and the Young Ones at Soweto (1977, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland), Out of the Struggles of the Past to a Brilliant Future (1982, Mt Vernon Plaza, Columbus, Ohio),[28] and Breaking of the Chains (1995, San Diego, California).[29]

Exhibitions

Edwards has participated in a large number of solo shows in the United States and internationally. His solo shows include Melvin Edwards (1965), Santa Barbara Museum of Art, California; Melvin Edwards: Sculptor (1978), Studio Museum in Harlem, New York; The Sculpture of Melvin Edwards, SculptureCenter, New York; Mel Edwards: Lynch Fragment Series (1985), Robeson Gallery, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and Melvin Edwards (2022), Dia Beacon, Beacon, New York.[30]

A 30-year retrospective of his sculpture was held in 1993 at the Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, New York, and a 50-year retrospective titled Melvin Edwards: Five Decades was held in 2015 at the Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas.[31][32][26][33]

He has also participated in many group exhibitions, including the 56th Venice Biennale (2015), Havana Biennial (2019), and Afro-Atlantic Histories (2018, 2021–2022).[30]

Personal life

He was married in 1960 to Karen Hamre, together they had three children.[3] In 1969, the couple separated, Hamre and the children stayed in Los Angeles while Edwards had already moved to New York City.[14]

In 1976, Edwards married the poet Jayne Cortez.[34] Cortez and Edwards worked together: she wrote a series of poems to accompany her husband's work Lynch Fragments, and he illustrated her book Pissstained Stairs and the Monkey Man's Wares (1969).[12][14]

His art studios are located in upstate New York and in Plainfield, New Jersey, and he often travels to Dakar, Senegal.[4]

Awards and honors

Notable works in public collections

See also

References
  1. Samella S. Lewis, African American Art and Artists, University of California Press, 2003, p. 210. ISBN 0-520-23935-0
  2. Lisa S. Weitzman, "Edwards, Melvin 1937–", encyclopedia.com.
  3. Jegede, Dele (2009). Encyclopedia of African American Artists. ABC-CLIO. pp. 77–80. ISBN 9780313080609.
  4. Kauffman, Aubrey J. (September 30, 2015). "Sculptor Mel Edward's 50 Years of Work on View at Zimmerli". U.S. 1 Newspaper, Princeton Info. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  5. Kino, Carol (October 17, 2012). "Rediscovering Someone Recognized". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  6. "Melvin Edwards". Hammer Museum, UCLA. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  7. "Melvin Edwards Exhibition". Slash Paris. 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  8. "Man of Steel: The Welded Transfigurations of Melvin Edwards". Hyperallergic. November 22, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  9. "Melvin Edwards: Crossroads". Ogden Museum of Southern Art. Retrieved May 7, 2020. In 1965 the Santa Barbara Museum of Art organized Edwards' first solo exhibition, which launched his professional career.
  10. Joan Marter, "Melvin Edwards: Liberation and Remembrance", AlexanderGray.com.
  11. "Melvin Edwards · Experimental Printmaking Institute". Lafayette College. April 3, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  12. Widener, Daniel (2010). Black Arts West: Culture and Struggle in Postwar Los Angeles. Duke University Press. pp. 173–174. ISBN 9780822392620.
  13. Kazarian, Choghakate (November 6, 2019). "MELVIN EDWARDS with Choghakate Kazarian". The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  14. Hadler, Mona (February 19, 2018). "William T. Williams by Mona Hadler". BOMB Magazine. The Oral History Project. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  15. "Artist Conversation: Melvin Edwards and William T. Williams". Youtube (Video). March 12, 2018. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021.
  16. Fendrich, Laurie (October 20, 2022). "When an artist becomes a community: The life and work of Benjamin Wigfall". Two Coats of Paint. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  17. "Smokehouse, 1968-1970". The Studio Museum in Harlem. September 12, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  18. Braun-Reinitz, Janet; Weissman, Jane (June 29, 2009). "On the Wall: Four Decades of Community Murals in New York City". The Gotham Center for New York City History. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  19. "Utonga (Lynch Fragment) 1988 Melvin Edwards American". metmuseum.org. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  20. "Premonition" Archived January 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (Part of the Lynch Fragment Series), Birmingham Museum of Art.
  21. "Melvin Edwards: Five Decades Exhibition at Columbus Museum of Art". Columbus Museum of Art. January 8, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  22. Andrews, Gail C. (2010). Birmingham Museum of Art: Guide to the Collection (Art Catalog). Birmingham, AL: Birmingham Museum of Art. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-904832-77-5.
  23. Edwards, Daniel (July 5, 2017), "Twentieth-century display case archive", Sculpture and the Vitrine, Routledge, pp. 197–208, doi:10.4324/9781315088235-10, ISBN 978-1-315-08823-5
  24. Craft, Catherine (2013). "Conversations with Melvin Edwards Extended Version". Nasher Sculpture Center. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  25. "Homage to My Father and the Spirit". Cornell University Library Digital Collections. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  26. Otfinoski, Steven (2014). African Americans in the Visual Arts. A to Z of African Americans, Facts on File library of American history. New York City, NY: Facts on File, Inc. p. 74. ISBN 9781438107776.
  27. "An Incomplete History Of Protest Selections From The Whitneys Collection 1940 2017". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  28. "Out of the Struggles of the Past to a Brilliant Future". Ohio Outdoor Sculpture. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  29. Holloway, Camara Dia (February 25, 2011). "Mel Edwards & Jayne Cortez, Visual/Verbal Dialogue, University of Delaware". Association for Critical Race Art History (ACRAH).
  30. "Melvin Edwards CV". Alexander Gray. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  31. Jerome Weeks, "Melvin Edwards At The Nasher: Man of Steel", Art & Seek, January 31, 2015.
  32. Lance Esplund, "Review of 'Melvin Edwards: Five Decades' at the Nasher Sculpture Center", The Wall Street Journal, March 31, 2015.
  33. Lucinda H. Gedeon; Melvin Edwards; Melvin Edwards sculpture : a thirty-year retrospective, 1963–1993, Neuberger Museum of Art, State University of New York at Purchase; Seattle: distributed by the University of Washington Press, 1993. World Cat.
  34. Encyclopedia of African American Women Writers, vol. 1, p. 121.
  35. Fellows Archived January 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
  36. "Melvin Edwards". Dieu Donné. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  37. "Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts: Melvin Edwards" Archived May 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Commencement Honorees 2014, Massachusetts College of Art and Design.
  38. "Some Bright Morning: The Art Of Melvin Edwards" at African Film Festival, New York, 2016.
  39. "August the Squared Fire". San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  40. "The Lifted X". Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on May 2, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  41. "The Fourth Circle". Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  42. "Curtain (for William and Peter)". Tate. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  43. "Pyramid Up and Pyramid Down". Whitney Museum. Archived from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  44. "Untitled (Wall Hanging)". Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  45. "Working Thought". Studio Museum in Harlem. August 31, 2017. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  46. "Justice for Tropic-Ana (dedicated to Ana Mendieta)". Carnegie Museum of Art. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  47. "Cup of?". Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  48. "Ready Now Now". Met Museum. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
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  51. "Thomas Jefferson Park". NYC Gov Parks. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
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  53. "Tambo". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  54. "Siempre Gilberto de la Nuez". National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  55. "Deni Malick". Fralin Museum of Art. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
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  58. "Soba". Detroit Institute of Arts. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
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