Mercedes-Benz M196 engine

The Mercedes-Benz M 196 engine is a naturally-aspirated, straight-8, racing engine, designed, developed, and produced by Daimler-Benz; and used in both sports car racing and Formula One racing, between 1954 and 1955.[7][8][9][10][11] Daimler-Benz made two versions of the engine, the M 196 R, displacing 2.5 litres, and the M 196 S, displacing 3.0 litres.

Mercedes-Benz M 196
Overview
ManufacturerDaimler-Benz
Production1954-1955
Layout
ConfigurationL-8
Displacement
Cylinder bore
Piston stroke
  • 68.8 mm (2.7 in) (M 196 R)
  • 78 mm (3.1 in) (M 196 S)
ValvetrainDesmodromic valvetrain, DOHC, two valves per cylinder[3][4]
Compression ratio
  • 12:1 (M 196 R)[5]
  • 9:1 (M 196 S)[2]
Combustion
Operating principleFour-stroke Otto
Fuel systemDirect fuel injection
Fuel type
  • Esso RD1 (M 196 R)
  • Super petrol 98 RON leaded DIN 51600 (M 196 S)[6]
Oil systemDry sump
Output
Power output
  • 256 PS (188 kW) (M 196 R, 1954)[1]
  • 265 PS (195 kW) (M 196 R, 1955)[5]
  • 276 PS (203 kW) or 310 PS (230 kW) (M 196 S)[2]
Torque output

Mercedes pulled out of all motorsports after the 1955 Le Mans disaster. This was their last Formula One engine, and Mercedes did not return to motorsport as an engine manufacturer until 1994, when they supplied engines to the Sauber Formula One team.[12]

M 196 R

The new 1954 Formula One rules allowed a choice of naturally aspirated engines – up to 2.5 litres or 0.75 litres supercharged. The expected target range for competitive engines was 250 to 300 bhp (190 to 220 kW).

By its introduction at the 1954 French GP the 2,496 cc (152.3 cu in) (76.0×68.8 mm) desmodromic valves straight 8 M 196 R delivered 256 PS (188 kW). The M 196 was the only F1 engine with direct fuel injection, giving it a considerable advantage over the other carburetted engines.[13][14][15]

For the 1955 season, Daimler-Benz improved its M 196 R engine by reducing the intake manifold length,[16] increasing the engine power slightly to 265 PS (195 kW).[5]

M 196 S

For the W 196 S race car, the M 196 engine was bored and stroked to 78 mm each (78.0 × 78.0 mm), and reduced in compression from ε=12 to about ε=9. The latter allowed using standardised petrol (98 RON) instead of high-octane race fuel required for the M 196 R.[6] The M 196 S has a power output of 276 PS (203 kW) at 7,000 rpm, and produces a maximum torque of 31.7 kp⋅m (311 N⋅m) at 5,950 rpm. This is equivalent to a BMEP of 1.31 MPa (190 lbf/in2).[5]

The M 196 S is canted to the right at a 53° angle. It has two four-cylinder banks made of silumin with chromium-coated aluminium cylinder sleeves. Unlike typical car engines, the M 196 S has a crankshaft consisting of two Hirth joint halves with centre torque take-off. The silumin cylinder heads are crossflow heads and cast together with the cylinder banks (i. e. block and head are a single cast piece). Daimler-Benz fitted the engine with a dry-sump lubrication system, water cooling, and a direct fuel injection system. The ignition system is a traditional magneto system.[5]

Applications

References
  1. Daimler AG (ed.): Mercedes-Benz Formel-1-Rennwagen W 196 R mit Stromlinienkarosserie, 1954 – Technische Daten, retrieved 4 December 2021, (in German)
  2. Daimler AG (ed.): Mercedes-Benz Rennsportprototyp 300 SLR – Technische Daten, retrieved 26 November 2021, (in German)
  3. "Tribute to Juan Manuel Fangio, Cultural and Technological Center Automobile Museum Juan Manuel Fangio, Juan Manuel Fangio Museum Foundation, Formula 1-Five Times World Champion, 1951 Alfa Romeo, 1954 Mercedes-Benz, 1955 Mercedes-Benz, 1956 Ferrari, 1957 Maserati, Formula 1, Juan Manuel Fangio Museum, Motorsport, Motoring, Balcarce, Argentina, Biography Juan Manuel Fangio, all the cars that Fangio ran, the 200 races of Juan Manuel Fangio, F1 World Champion, Fivefold F1 World Champion, f1, formula 1, racing, ferrari, formulaone, races, Museo Juan Manuel Fangio | Mercedes-Benz W 196 R (carenado) | virtual-visit". Museofangio.com.
  4. "What is so special about the Mercedes Benz W 196?". Carfanblog.com. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  5. Daimler AG (ed.): Mercedes-Benz Formel-1-Rennwagen W 196 R, 1955 – Technische Daten, retrieved 4 December 2021, (in German)
  6. Daimler AG (ed.): Mercedes-Benz Rennsportwagen 300 SLR (W 196 S), 1955 – Fahrzeugtext, retrieved 26 November 2021, (in German)
  7. "1956 Mercedes-Benz W196 | Review". Supercars.net. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  8. "Mercedes W196". Sportcardigest.com. 30 September 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  9. "Mercedes-Benz W196 - The Silver Masterpiece". SnapLap.net. 22 February 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  10. "Mercedes W196". F1technical.net.
  11. "1954 - 1955 Mercedes-Benz W196 Specifications". Ultimatecarpage.com.
  12. Bolsinger, Markus; Becker, Clauspeter (2002). Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrows (Google Books). MotorBooks International. p. 95. ISBN 3-7688-1377-0. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
  13. "Mercedes-Benz W 196 R". Mercedesamgf1.com.
  14. "Engine Mercedes : STATS F1". Statsf1.com.
  15. "The cars racing in the 1955 motor sport season". marsMediaSite.
  16. Daimler AG (ed.): Mercedes-Benz Formel-1-Rennwagen W 196 R mit Stromlinienkarosserie, 1955 – Fahrzeugtext, retrieved 4 December 2021, (in German)
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