Metroxylon

Metroxylon
	Metroxylon sagu
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Subfamily:	Calamoideae
Tribe:	Calameae
Genus:	Metroxylon; Rottb.[1]
Species[2]
	M. amicarum (H.Wendl.) Hook.f.; M. paulcoxii McClatchey; M. sagu Rottb.; M. salomonense (Warb.) Becc.; M. upoluense Becc.; M. vitiense (H.Wendl.) Hook.f.; M. warburgii (Heimerl) Becc.;
Synonyms[3]
	Sagus Steck; Coelococcus H.Wendl.;

Metroxylon is a genus of monoecious flowering plants in the Arecaceae (palm) family, and commonly called the sago palms consisting of seven species. They are native to Western Samoa, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, the Moluccas, the Carolines and Fiji in a variety of habitats, and cultivated westward to Thailand and Malaya.[3]

The name is a combination of two Greek words: metra meaning "womb", commonly translated as "heart" in this context, and xylon meaning "wood", in allusion to the large proportion of pith contained in the plant.

Description

The trunks of Metroxylon species are solitary or clumped and large to massive in size, and usually sprout aerial roots at leaf-scar rings. All but one is monocarpic (hapaxanthic), foliage is pinnate with oversized petioles and leaf sheaths. The petioles are distinguished by "groups of small black spines resembling the record made by a seismograph as it registers a mild tremor".[4] All species have spines on the rachis and petiole. The monocarpic species present a Christmas tree shaped inflorescence, or instead, upward-reaching branches spreading horizontally. These panicles are second only to Corypha spp in size, in the case of Metroxylon salomonense growing up to thirty feet (nine meters) in height by up to fifteen feet (4.5 meters) in width.[5] The fruit, covered in tough shiny scales arranged in precise rows, are relatively large for palms and contain one seed.[4]

Extant species

It contains the following species [6][7][3][2]

Name	Common name	Distribution
Metroxylon amicarum (H.Wendl.) Hook.f.	Caroline ivory-nut palm	Pohnpei, Chuuk
Metroxylon paulcoxii McClatchey		Samoa
Metroxylon sagu Rottb.	Sago palm	New Guinea, Maluku
Metroxylon salomonense (Warb.) Becc.	Solomon palm	New Guinea, Maluku, Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu
Metroxylon upoluense Becc.		Samoa
Metroxylon vitiense (H.Wendl.) Hook.f.	Fiji sago palm	Wallis and Futuna, Fiji
Metroxylon warburgii (Heimerl) Becc.	natangura palm[8]	Santa Cruz Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu

References

Rottboell, Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 2:257. 1783 (conserved name) Type:M. sagu
The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=metroxylon (accessed 11 September 2017).
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Riffle, R. L. and Craft, P. (2003). An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-558-6 / ISBN 978-0-88192-558-6 (page 389)
Corner, Prof. E.J.H. (1966). Natural History of Palms. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 316–317.
WCSP, World Checklist of Arecaceae: Metroxylon Archived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine
"Metroxylon species (Sago palm)" (PDF).
Sentance, Bryan; Sentance, Polly (2009). "2 Central and South America". Craft Traditions of the World: Locally Made, Globally Inspiring. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780500514665. OCLC 317919883.

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[wiffle-1] Rottboell, Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 2:257. 1783 (conserved name) Type:M. sagu

[TPL-2] The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=metroxylon (accessed 11 September 2017).

[wcsp-3] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[riffle-4] Riffle, R. L. and Craft, P. (2003). An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-558-6 / ISBN 978-0-88192-558-6 (page 389)

[5] Corner, Prof. E.J.H. (1966). Natural History of Palms. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 316–317.

[kew-6] WCSP, World Checklist of Arecaceae: Metroxylon Archived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine

[7] "Metroxylon species (Sago palm)" (PDF).

[Sentance-8] Sentance, Bryan; Sentance, Polly (2009). "2 Central and South America". Craft Traditions of the World: Locally Made, Globally Inspiring. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780500514665. OCLC 317919883.