Micah 3

Micah 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Micah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Micah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[3][4]

Micah 3
An illustration of Micah 1:13: "O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast." (www.ordination.org).
BookBook of Micah
CategoryNevi'im
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part33

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 12 verses.

Textual versions

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5][lower-alpha 1]

Fragments cumulatively containing all verses of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant verses 12;[7][8][9] and Wadi Murabba'at Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE) with extant verses 1‑12.[8][10]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[11][lower-alpha 2] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter in Greek were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, Naḥal Ḥever 8Ḥev1 (8ḤevXIIgr); late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 5–6.[8][13]

Unjust leaders and false prophets judged (3:1–8)

Verse 2
Who hate the good,
and love the evil;
who pluck off their skin from off them,
and their flesh from off their bones;[14]
  • "'Who hate the good, and love the evil": People love evil for its own sake (Romans 1:32) after losing the sense of right and wrong (John 3:20).[15]
  • "Who pluck off their skin from off them": They are not shepherds, but butchers, who mercilessly extort and pillage, as also depicted in the Book of Ezekiel (Ezekiel 34:2–4).[16]
  • "Pluck off their skin from off them, and their flesh from off their bones": Rob their fellow countrymen of all their substance (Psalm 14:4; Proverbs 30:14).[17] So the Targum, "seizing on their substance by violence, and their precious mammon they take away."[18]

Zion's destruction (3:9–12)

Verse 12
Therefore because of you
Zion shall be plowed like a field,
Jerusalem shall become heaps of ruins,
And the mountain of the temple
Like the bare hills of the forest.[19]

In the Masoretic Text there is a note in margin of this verse indicating it as the middle of the "book" (i.e., the Book of the Twelve Prophets).[21]

See also

References

Notes
  1. Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing Micah 1:1 to 5:1.[6]
  2. Book of Micah is missing in the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[12]

Citations
  1. Collins 2014.
  2. Hayes 2015.
  3. Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  4. Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
  5. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  6. P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
  7. Ulrich 2010, p. 615.
  8. Dead sea scrolls - Micah
  9. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
  10. Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 140–141.
  11. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  12. Shepherd 2018, p. 13.
  13. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 127.
  14. Micah 3:2 KJV
  15. Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  16. Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  17. Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. Micah 3:2 NKJV
  20. Notes in New King James Version on Micah 3:12
  21. Shepherd 2018, p. 23.

Sources

Jewish

Christian
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