Michael D'Andrea

D'Andrea is credited with an instrumental role in the War on Terror, with The New York Times concluding "perhaps no single CIA official is more responsible for weakening Al Qaeda".[1] Prior to the attacks he was reportedly one of the CIA officials who failed to track one of the hijackers, Nawaf al-Hazmi.[11] Following 9/11 D'Andrea was deeply involved[1] in the CIA's detention and interrogation programs, and his operatives also oversaw the interrogations of Abu Zubaydah, Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri and Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, which were criticized in the unclassified executive summary of a 2014 United States Senate report.[1][12] He also targeted affiliate terror groups, and was reportedly involved in the assassination of Hezbollah member Imad Mughniyah in Damascus, Syria.[1]

He initially became head of the CIA's Counterterrorism Center in 2006, replacing Robert Grenier.[13] During his nine-year tenure, he presided over hundreds of American drone strikes in Pakistan and Yemen, including so-called "signature strikes", advocating for the program to the United States Congress.[1][12] According to former U.S. officials, with D’Andrea at the helm, the CIA's counterterrorism center functioned like a continuous, rolling decapitation operation for al-Qaida leadership.[2]

He later received blame for the Camp Chapman attack in Khost, Afghanistan, when seven CIA officers were killed by a suicide bomb detonated by a triple agent allegedly backed by Pakistan's ISI.[9][11] The bomber, Humam Khalil Abu-Mulal al-Balawi, an Al Qaeda affiliate recruited by Jordanian Intelligence, had been invited to Camp Chapman after claiming to have information related to senior al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. Al-Balawi was not searched as a sign of respect because of his perceived value as someone who could infiltrate the ranks of senior al-Qaeda leaders.

D'Andrea later directed the analysis of competing hypotheses as to who, besides Osama bin Laden, could be in the compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan where Bin Laden was later found and killed.[14]

In 2015, leadership of the drone program was passed to Chris Wood, following bureaucratic reshuffling by Director John Brennan, who some report clashed with D'Andrea repeatedly.[2][12][15]

After leaving the drone program and CTC, and failure to secure the position of deputy director of Operations, D'Andrea accepted what was widely seen to be a demotion, reviewing ongoing operations in an oversight role. New opportunities emerged when the Trump administration renewed a focus on Iran. From 2017 to his forced retirement in 2021, D'Andrea served as leader of the CIA's Iran Mission Center, which was expanded during the hard line approach to Iran adopted by the Trump administration.[1] It was also alleged that D'Andrea was involved in the operation that killed Iranian General Qasem Soleimani.[16][17] At D'Andrea's retirement in 2021, the CIA discontinued the Iran Mission Center, folding it back into the broader Near East Mission Center in early 2022.[2]

Stemming from his career in the clandestine service, D'Andrea was described using a number of aliases. During his time at the CTC, many reporters referred to him only by the first name of his cover identity "Roger", which was considered unusual for an official not posted overseas.[5][9][11] His personal quirks garnered attention from the media, attracting a mythic legend. A chain smoking workaholic and Muslim convert whose job entailed targeting Muslim extremists, other nicknames attributed to D'Andrea by colleagues and reporters include "Ayatollah Mike", "the Prince of Darkness",[18] "the Dark Prince",[1] and "the Undertaker."[19] In Kathryn Bigelow's 2012 film Zero Dark Thirty, a fictionalized CIA officer based on D'Andrea is known simply as "The Wolf".

D’Andrea's biography and quirks became part of his legend: the soft-spoken, professorial figure notorious for keeping all the lights dimmed in his office; the chain smoker who would spend hours exercising on the elliptical, drinking Mountain Dew; and the middle-aged convert to Islam who ran a lethal campaign targeting Muslim religious extremists.

Despite years in a prominent CIA assignment, D'Andrea's real name did not become public until a 2015 profile by Mark Mazzetti of The New York Times,[12] one month after leaving the role of CTC director.[20] His outing by the paper while still an active undercover officer of the CIA prompted backlash from many former intelligence officers, particularly after Iranian state media published photos of D'Andrea and his wife the following day.[21][22] In an opinion piece in the Washington Post, conservative author Marc A. Thiessen said that Iran often targeted Americans it considered enemies, such as with the murder of Bill Buckley, the Beirut station chief kidnapped, tortured, and executed by Islamic Jihad in 1985.[23] Mazzetti defended his decision, contending he was compelled to act after a January 2015 signature strike in the southern Pakistani region of Waziristan, which led to the collateral deaths of aid workers Warren Weinstein and Giovanni Lo Porto. The strike was authorized by D'Andrea and CIA leadership independent of White House oversight, and also killed American-born al Qaeda commanders Adam Yahiye Gadahn and Ahmed Farouq, who were the intended targets.[11]