Caledon, South Africa

Caledon is a town in the Overberg region in the Western Cape province of South Africa, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Cape Town next to mineral-rich hot springs. As of 2011 it had a population of 13,020.[2] It is located in, and the seat of, the Theewaterskloof Local Municipality.

Caledon
Caledon
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Coordinates: 34°13′48″S 19°25′42″E
Country	South Africa
Province	Western Cape
District	Overberg
Municipality	Theewaterskloof
Established	1811[1]
Area [2]
• Total	18.06 km2 (6.97 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[2]
• Total	13,020
• Density	720/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011) [2]
• Black African	13.7%
• Coloured	69.6%
• Indian/Asian	0.2%
• White	15.6%
• Other	0.8%
First languages (2011) [2]
• Afrikaans	85.3%
• Xhosa	7.1%
• English	2.9%
• Sotho	2.4%
• Other	2.3%
Time zone	UTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)	7230
PO box	7230
Area code	028

The town continues to be inhabited by Khoikhoi communities who, before the arrival of colonizing forces, were the wealthiest on this land.[3]

Caledon is situated on the N2 national route, 113 kilometres (70 mi) by road from central Cape Town. At Caledon the N2 is met by the R316 from Arniston and Bredasdorp, and the R320 from Hermanus. It is also located on the Overberg branch railway line, 141 kilometres (88 mi) by rail from Cape Town station.

The Caledon district is primarily an agricultural region. Most agricultural activities involve grain production with a certain amount of stock farming. The town is locally well known for the Caledon Spa and Casino and for its rolling hills and yellow canola fields in spring.

The town has a Mediterranean climate of warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Temperatures are modified by its close proximity to the South Atlantic Ocean, just over the Klein River Mountains to the south.

The place was originally known in Dutch as Bad agter de Berg (Bath Behind the Mountain). A bath house was built in 1797 and a village called Swartberg sprang up, which was later renamed Caledon in honor of the Irish peer Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon (1777–1839), the first British governor of the Cape (1806-11).

The writer Peter Dreyer was born in Caledon at the Caledon Baths Hotel in 1939.

Rhodesian government minister P. K. van der Byl retired to Caledon and subsequently died there, in Fairfield.