Workers' Militia of the Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence

Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence (Polish: Milicja Robotnicza Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej–Wolność, Równość, Niepodległość, MR PPS-WRN) often referred to simply as Militia PPS-WRN,[1] was a Polish underground paramilitary formation of the Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence active during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II between 1939 and 1945. The total number of clandestine members of MR PPS-WRN reached 30,000 at the time of the Soviet counter-offensive of 1944.[2] They participated in both Operation Tempest against the Nazis (Akcja Burza) and in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.[2] MR PPS-WRN was created in November 1939 amongst the prewar labour circles in Warsaw, Radom, Kraków, in Upper Silesia (Śląsk) and in the Dąbrowa Basin (Zagłębie) mainly for self-protection. It was supposed to help recreate the Polish prewar police and counter—intelligence services.

A. Pajdak in his retirement following lucky release from a decade in the Soviet GULAG prison camps

Since June 1940 the Commander-in-chief of the Workers' Militia PPS-WRN was Antoni Pajdak nom de guerre "Traugutt"; captured by the Soviet NKVD in March 1945 and sent to GULAG for 10 years after his Moscow trial.[3] His second-in-command in occupied Poland were: Stanisław Sobolewski pseudonym "Krystian",[1] and Jan Władysław Wilczyński pseudonym "Gnat".[4] The organization was divided and subdivided into the units of five.