Lojong

Lojong mind training practice was developed over a 300-year period between 900 and 1200 CE, as part of the Mahāyāna school of Buddhism.[9] Atiśa (982–1054 CE), a Bengali meditation master, is generally regarded as the originator of the practice. It is described in his book Lamp on the Path to Enlightenment (Bodhipathapradīpaṃ). The practice is based upon his studies with the Sumatran teacher, Dharmakīrtiśrī (Tib. Serlingpa, Wylie: gser gling pa), and the Indian teacher Dharmarakṣita, a prominent teacher at Odantapuri and author of a text called the Wheel of Sharp Weapons. Both these texts are well known in Tibetan translation. Atiśa's third major teacher of lojong is said to have been the junior Kusalī, known also as Maitrīyogi.[10]

Atiśa journeyed to Sumatra and studied with Dharmakīrtiśrī for twelve years. He then returned to teach in India, but at an advanced age accepted an invitation to teach in Tibet, where he stayed for the rest of his life.[11]

A story is told that Atiśa heard that the inhabitants of Tibet were very pleasant and easy to get along with. Instead of being delighted, he was concerned that he would not have enough negative emotion to work with in his mind training practice. So he brought along his ill-tempered Bengali servant-boy, who would criticize him incessantly and was challenging to spend time with. Tibetan teachers then like to joke that when Atiśa arrived in Tibet, he realized there was no need after all.

The aphorisms on mind training in their present form were composed by Chekawa Yeshe Dorje (1101–1175 CE). According to one account, Chekhawa saw a text on his cell-mate's bed, open to the phrase: "Gain and victory to others, loss and defeat to oneself". The phrase struck him and he sought out the author Langri Tangpa (1054–1123).[12] Finding that Langri Tangpa had died, he studied instead with one of Langri Tangpa's students, Sharawa Yönten Drak,[13] for twelve years.

Chekhawa is claimed to have cured leprosy with mind training. In one account, he went to live with a colony of lepers and did the practice with them. Over time many of them were healed, more lepers came, and eventually people without leprosy also took an interest in the practice. Another popular story about Chekhawa and mind training concerns his brother and how it transformed him into a much kinder person.[14]

Chekawa Yeshe Dorje's lojong consists of 59 slogans, or aphorisms. These slogans are further organized into seven groupings, called the "7 Points of Lojong". The categorized slogans are listed below, translated by the Nalanda Translation Committee under the direction of Chögyam Trungpa.[15] The following is translated from ancient Sanskrit and Tibetan texts and may vary slightly from other translations. Many contemporary gurus and experts have written extensive commentaries elucidating the Lojong text and slogans. (See the section "Commentaries", below, for examples).

Point One: The preliminaries, which are the basis for dharma practice

Slogan 1. First, train in the preliminaries; The four reminders.[16] or alternatively called the Four Thoughts[17]

1. Maintain an awareness of the preciousness of human life.

2. Be aware of the reality that life ends; death comes for everyone; Impermanence.

3. Recall that whatever you do, whether virtuous or not, has a result; Karma.

4. Contemplate that as long as you are too focused on self-importance and too caught up in thinking about how you are good or bad, you will experience suffering. Obsessing about getting what you want and avoiding what you don't want does not result in happiness; Ego.

Point Two: The main practice, which is training in bodhicitta.

Absolute Bodhicitta

Slogan 2. Regard all dharmas as dreams; although experiences may seem solid, they are passing memories.

Slogan 3. Examine the nature of unborn awareness.

Slogan 4. Self-liberate even the antidote.

Slogan 5. Rest in the nature of alaya, the essence, the present moment.

Slogan 6. In postmeditation, be a child of illusion.

Relative Bodhicitta

Slogan 7. Sending and taking should be practiced alternately. These two should ride the breath (i.e., practice Tonglen).

Slogan 8. Three objects, three poisons, three roots of virtue

The 3 objects are friends, enemies and neutrals.

The 3 poisons are craving, aversion and indifference.

The 3 roots of virtue are the remedies.

Slogan 9. In all activities, train with slogans.

Slogan 10. Begin the sequence of sending and taking with yourself.

Point Three: Transformation of Bad Circumstances into the Way of Enlightenment

Slogan 11. When the world is filled with evil, transform all mishaps into the path of bodhi.

Slogan 12. Drive all blames into one.

Slogan 13. Be grateful to everyone.

Slogan 14. Seeing confusion as the four kayas is unsurpassable Śūnyatā protection.

The kayas are Dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, nirmanakaya, svabhavikakaya. Thoughts have no birthplace, thoughts are unceasing, thoughts are not solid, and these three characteristics are interconnected. Śūnyatā can be described as "complete openness."

Slogan 15. Four practices are the best of methods.

The four practices are: accumulating merit, laying down evil deeds, offering to the dons, and offering to the dharmapalas.

Slogan 16. Whatever you meet unexpectedly, join with meditation.

Point Four: Showing the Utilization of Practice in One's Whole Life

Slogan 17. Practice the five strengths, the condensed heart instructions.

The 5 strengths are: strong determination, familiarization, the positive seed, reproach, and aspiration.

Slogan 18. The Mahāyāna instruction for ejection of consciousness at death is the five strengths: how you conduct yourself is important.

When you are dying practice the 5 strengths.

Point Five: Evaluation of Mind Training

Slogan 19. All dharma agrees at one point—All Buddhist teachings are about lessening the ego, lessening one's self-absorption.

Slogan 20. Of the two witnesses, hold the principal one—You know yourself better than anyone else knows you

Slogan 21. Always maintain only a joyful mind.

Slogan 22. If you can practice even when distracted, you are well trained.

Point Six: Disciplines of Mind Training

Slogan 23. Always abide by the three basic principles—Dedication to your practice, refraining from outrageous conduct, developing patience.

Slogan 24. Change your attitude, but remain natural—Reduce ego clinging, but be yourself.

Slogan 25. Don't talk about injured limbs—Don't take pleasure contemplating others' defects.

Slogan 26. Don't ponder others—Don't take pleasure contemplating others' weaknesses.

Slogan 27. Work with the greatest defilements first—Work with your greatest obstacles first.

Slogan 28. Abandon any hope of fruition—Don't get caught up in how you will be in the future, stay in the present moment.

Slogan 29. Abandon poisonous food.

Slogan 30. Don't be so predictable—Don't hold grudges.

Slogan 31. Don't malign others.

Slogan 32. Don't wait in ambush—Don't wait for others' weaknesses to show to attack them.

Slogan 33. Don't bring things to a painful point—Don't humiliate others.

Slogan 34. Don't transfer the ox's load to the cow—Take responsibility for yourself.

Slogan 35. Don't try to be the fastest—Don't compete with others.

Slogan 36. Don't act with a twist—Do good deeds without scheming about benefiting yourself.

Slogan 37. Don't turn gods into demons—Don't use these slogans or your spirituality to increase your self-absorption

Slogan 38. Don't seek others' pain as the limbs of your own happiness.

Point Seven: Guidelines of Mind Training

Slogan 39. All activities should be done with one intention.

Slogan 40. Correct all wrongs with one intention.

Slogan 41. Two activities: one at the beginning, one at the end.

Slogan 42. Whichever of the two occurs, be patient.

Slogan 43. Observe these two, even at the risk of your life.

Slogan 44. Train in the three difficulties.

Slogan 45. Take on the three principal causes: the teacher, the dharma, the sangha.

Slogan 46. Pay heed that the three never wane: gratitude towards one's teacher, appreciation of the dharma (teachings) and correct conduct.

Slogan 47. Keep the three inseparable: body, speech, and mind.

Slogan 48. Train without bias in all areas. It is crucial always to do this pervasively and wholeheartedly.

Slogan 49. Always meditate on whatever provokes resentment.

Slogan 50. Don't be swayed by external circumstances.

Slogan 51. This time, practice the main points: others before self, dharma, and awakening compassion.

Slogan 52. Don't misinterpret.

The six things that may be misinterpreted are patience, yearning, excitement, compassion, priorities and joy. You're patient when you're getting your way, but not when its difficult. You yearn for worldly things, instead of an open heart and mind. You get excited about wealth and entertainment, instead of your potential for enlightenment. You have compassion for those you like, but none for those you don't. Worldly gain is your priority rather than cultivating loving-kindness and compassion. You feel joy when your enemies suffer, and do not rejoice in others' good fortune.[7]

Slogan 53. Don't vacillate (in your practice of Lojong).

Slogan 54. Train wholeheartedly.

Slogan 55. Liberate yourself by examining and analyzing: Know your own mind with honesty and fearlessness.

Slogan 56. Don't wallow in self-pity.

Slogan 57. Don't be jealous.

Slogan 58. Don't be frivolous.

Slogan 59. Don't expect applause.

The Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism has its own unique lojong tradition and root texts which is based on a set of seven lojongs. The first six aphorisms are mainly about common Buddhist Mahayana topics which can be found in the Sarma schools lojong texts, but the seventh lojong methods are unique to the Dzogchen tradition's lojong texts. The seventh lojong include methods which work with the energies and channels of the subtle body.[27]

The seven lojongs are found in the works of Longchenpa, who wrote a commentary on a text of Garab Dorje which is in turn a commentary to the root text of these lojongs, the Dzogchen Tantra of the Sole Offspring.[28] Jigme Lingpa wrote a commentary on these seven points of mind training, which is called The Steps to Liberation.[4] Later masters like Jamgyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgon Kontrul also wrote commentaries on these lojongs.[28]

The seven lojongs are as follows:

1. Impermanence
2. Suffering, the fleeting nature of happiness
3. The causes of death
4. The meaninglessness of all mundane actions
5. The virtues of the Buddha / Liberation
6. The value of the guru's teachings
7. Training the mind in the state of non-conceptuality / the state beyond thought

• Kyabgon, Traleg (2007). The Practice of Lojong: Cultivating Compassion through Training the Mind. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1-59030-378-8.
• Kongtrul, Dzigar (2016). The Intelligent Heart: A Guide to the Compassionate Life. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1-61180-178-1.
• RInpoche, Anyen (2018). Stop Biting the Tail You're Chasing: Using Buddhist Mind Training to Free Yourself from Painful Emotional Patterns. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1-61180-571-0.
• Lingpa, Jigme (2016). Steps to the Great Perfection: The Mind-Training Tradition of the Dzogchen Masters. Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 978-1-55939-477-2. ()
• Chödrön, Pema (2004). Start Where You Are: A Guide to Compassionate Living. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-1-59030-142-5.
• Gźon-nu-rgyal-mchog; Dkon-mchog-rgyal-mtshan; Thupten Jinpa (tr.) (2006). Mind Training: The Great Collection. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 978-0-86171-440-7.
• Khyentse, Dilgo; Rab-Gsal-Zla-Ba (2006). Enlightened Courage: An Explanation of the Seven Point Mind Training. Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 978-1-55939-902-9.
• Rabten, Geshe; Dhargyey, Geshe (2001). Advice from a Spiritual Friend. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 978-0-86171-193-2.
• Shamar Rinpoche (2009). The Path to Awakening: A Commentary on Ja Chekawa Yeshe Dorje's Seven Points of Mind Training. Motilal Barnasidass. ISBN 978-8120834408.
• Trungpa, Chögyam (1993). Training the Mind & Cultivating Loving-kindness. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-0-87773-954-8. (Introduction)

• McLeod, Ken. "Mind Training in Seven Points: Root Text". UnfetteredMind.org. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
• Shamar Rinpoche (6 May 2014). "The Seven Points of Mind Training of Atisha". Sharmapa.org. Retrieved October 2, 2014.

• A Reader's Guide to Lojong from Shambhala Publications
• Lojong Texts - An Anthology - eBook downloads from Lotsawa House
• Lojong - Training the Mind at Kadampa.org
• The Tonglen and Mind Training Site
• Interactive Reference: 59 Lojong Slogans