Mobile manipulator

A mobile manipulator is a robot system built from a robotic manipulator arm mounted on a mobile platform. Such systems unite the advantages of mobile platforms and robotic manipulator arms and reduce their drawbacks. For instance, the mobile platform extends the workspace of the arm, whereas an arm offers several operational functionalities.

Description
Mobile Manipulator systems; mobile platform, robot manipulator, vision and tooling

A mobile manipulation system offers a dual advantage of mobility offered by a mobile platform and dexterity offered by the manipulator. The mobile platform offers an extended workspace to the manipulator. The extra degrees of freedom of the mobile platform also provides user with more choices. However, the operation of such a system is challenging because of the many degrees of freedom and the unstructured environment that it performs in.

General system composition:

  • Mobile platform
  • Robot manipulator
  • Vision
  • Tooling

Motivation

At the moment mobile manipulation is a subject of major focus in development and research environments, and mobile manipulators, either autonomous or teleoperated, are used in many areas, e.g. space exploration, military operations, home care and health care. However, within the industrial field, the implementation of mobile manipulators has been limited, although the needs for intelligent and flexible automation are present. In addition, the necessary technology entities (mobile platforms, robot manipulators, vision and tooling) are, to a large extent, available off-the-shelf components.[1]

A reason for this is that the manufacturing industries act traditionally and, therefore, have reluctance in taking risks by implementing new technologies. Also, within the field of industrial mobile manipulation the centre of attention has been on optimization of the individual technologies, especially robot manipulators [2] and tooling,[3] while the integration, use and application have been neglected. This means that few implementations of mobile robots, in production environments, have been reported – e.g.[4] and.[5]

Timeline
PAL Robotics' mobile manipulator TIAGo++ Robot.
RB-1 developed by Robotnik Automation
Year Robot name Company / Research Institute
1996 Hilare 2bis LAAS-CNRS, France France
2000 Jaume Robotic Intelligence Lab, Jaume I University, Spain Spain
2004 FAuStO University of Verona, Italy Italy
2006 MM-500 Neobotix GmbH, Germany Germany
2009 Little Helper Department of Production, Aalborg University, Denmark Denmark
2012 G-WAM Robotnik Automation & Barrett Technologies, Spain Spain & United States United States
2012 Human Support Robot (HSR)[6] Toyota, Japan
2013 UBR-1 Unbounded Robotics, United States United States
2013 X-WAM Robotnik Automation & Barrett Technologies, Spain Spain & United States United States
2015 CARLoS AIMEN, Spain Spain
2015 RB-1 Robotnik Automation & Kinova Robotics, Spain Spain & Canada Canada
2016 TIAGo[7] PAL Robotics, Spain Spain
2018 MuR 205 Institute of Assembly Technology, Leibniz University Hanover, Germany Germany

State of the art
Mobile Manipulator: Little Helper – Aalborg University

One recent example is the mobile manipulator "Little Helper" from the Department of Production at Aalborg University.[8]

See also

Notes and references
  1. M. Hvilshøj, S. Bøgh, O. Madsen and M. Kristiansen: The Mobile Robot “Little Helper”: Concepts, ideas and working principles, 14th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2009
  2. A. Albu-Schäffer, S. Haddadin, C. Ott, A. Stemmer, T. Wimböck and G. Hirzinger: The DLR lightweight robot: design and control concepts for robots in human environments, Industrial Robot, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 376–385, 2007
  3. H. Liu, P. Meusel, G. Hirzinger, M. Jin and Y. X. Liu: The Modular Multisensory DLR-HIT-Hand: Hardware and Software Architecture, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 461–469, 2008
  4. A. Stopp, S. Horstmann, S. Kristensen and F. Lohnert: Towards Interactive Learning for Manufacturing Assistant, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, pp. 705–707, 2003
  5. E. Helms, R. D. Schraft and M. Hägele: rob@work: Robot assistant in industrial environments, Proceedings in IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 399–404, 2002
  6. Yamamoto, Takashi; Terada, Koji; Ochiai, Akiyoshi; Saito, Fuminori; Asahara, Yoshiaki; Murase, Kazuto (2019). "Development of Human Support Robot as the research platform of a domestic mobile manipulator". ROBOMECH Journal. 6: 1–15. doi:10.1186/s40648-019-0132-3. S2CID 148563252.
  7. Pages, Jordi; Marchionni, Luca; Ferro, Francesco (15 April 2016). "TIAGo: the modular robot that adapts to different research needs" (PDF). Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  8. Research project; Industrial maturation and exploitation of mobile manipulators – more info: MachineVision.dk
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