Mohammed Kadhim al-Qazwini

Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Kadhim al-Musawi al-Qazwini (Arabic: محمد كاظم الموسوي القزويني; Persian: محمد كاظم موسوى قزوينى; March 13, 1930 – November 17, 1994) was an Iraqi Shia scholar, poet and orator of Iranian descent.[2][3][4][5] He was born in Karbala, Iraq and died in Qom, Iran.

Ayatollah Sayyid
Muhammad-Kadhim al-Qazwini
السيد محمد كاظم الموسوي القزويني
TitleAyatollah
Personal
BornMarch 13, 1930
Karbala, Iraq
DiedNovember 17, 1994(1994-11-17) (aged 64)
Qom, Iran
Resting placeImam Husayn Shrine
ReligionIslam
NationalityIraqi
Children
  • Muhammad-Ibrahim
  • Muhammad-Ali
  • Mustafa
  • Muhsin
  • Jafar
ParentMuhammad-Ibrahim al-Qazwini (father)
DenominationTwelver Shīʿā
RelativesMurtadha al-Qazwini (first cousin, once removed)
Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi (father-in-law)
Muhammad al-Shirazi (brother-in-law)[1]
Mohammed Kadhim al-Modarresi (brother-in-law)

He was a dubbed the 'master of Karbala's orators'.[6] He authored a series of leading books on the biographies of the Ahl al-Bayt called Min al-Mahd Ila al-Lahd (From the Cradle to the Grave).[7]

Biography

Early life

al-Qazwini was born to Sayyid Muhammad-Ibrahim al-Qazwini (d. 1941), the son of grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Hashim al-Qazwini (d. 1908). His mother died when he was still very young, whilst his father died when he was only 11 years old. He was taken in by his cousin Sayyid Muhammad-Sadiq al-Qazwini, who took care of him and took him to the seminary of Karbala, to pursue a religious education.[8][9]

Education

al-Qazwini took the classes of scholars like Sheikh Jafar al-Rashti, Sayyid Muhammad-Hadi al-Milani, Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi, Sheikh Yusuf al-Khurasani and Sheikh Muhammad al-Khatib. He studied oratory under, his third cousin, Sayyid Muhammad-Salih al-Qazwini (d. 1956; author of notable book, al-Mawʿiḍa al-Ḥasana, a critique of Ali al-Wardi's Wuʿaẓ al-Salaṭīn), and excelled in his public speaking.[9][3][5]

Emigration

al-Qazwini immigrated twice. The first time was to Kuwait, in 1973, due to the pressures and prosecutions of the Baathist regime, where he practiced his religious activities from Masjid Bin Nakhi.[10] He remained in Kuwait for seven years, and in 1980 travelled to Iran and took residence in Qom, until his death.[11]

Religious career

He founded the Islamic Publishing Association in Karbala, and managed to print and publish large amounts of Islamic books across various Arabian, African and European countries.[12] He also founded the Kitab Wa al-Itra oratory school, which helped produce a generation of religious orators, under his supervision.[13][14] The school was then closed down by the Baathist regime.[15] He led the prayers in the Husayn shrine after his brother-in-law Muhammad al-Shirazi immigrated to Kuwait in 1970.[16]

Personal life

al-Qazwini was married to Fatima al-Shirazi, the daughter of grand Ayatollah Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi.[17][1][18] He has five sons, whom are all clerics, and three daughters.[3]

His three son in laws were Sayyid Mehdi al-Kashafi, Sayyid Ali al-Qazwini and Sayyid Kamal al-Din al-Shahidi.[19]

He is the second cousin, twice removed of the renowned Sayyid Ibrahim al-Qazwini (d. 1848), author of al-Dhawabit.

Death

Towards the end of his life, al-Qazwini suffered from a neurological disease that began to take a significant toll on his health, especially his speech, until he died because of it, in the evening of Thursday, November 17, 1994 in Qom. He was buried in Qom under the pulpit of the Hussainiya he frequently recited in.[20]

However, he had declared in his will, that when it were possible, his corpse be transferred to Karbala, to be reburied, as that was his initial wish, but it was impossible due to the Baathis regime. It took the fall of the regime to allow for this to happen, and on May 8, 2011, his family decided to have his corpse exhumed and transferred to Karbala, and was buried in the Imam Husayn shrine. It is reported that when they took his corpse out in Qom, upon inspection, his body was fresh and as if he had just been buried.[21][22]

Works

al-Qazwini came to write scores of articles and books in religious beliefs including:[23]

  • Sirat al-Rasul al-A'tham (Biography of the Greatest Messenger).
  • Min al-Mahd Ila al-Lahd (From the Cradle to the Grave) series:
  • Al-Imam al-Mahdi: Min al-Mahd Ila al-Zuhur (Imam Mehdi: From the Cradle to Reappearance).
  • Faji'at al-Taff Aw Maqtal al-Husayn (The Tragedy of Taff or The Murder of Husayn).
  • Mawsu'at al-Imam al-Sadiq (Encyclopedia of Imam al-Sadiq).
  • al-Islam Wa al-Ta'alim al-Tarbawiya (Islam and Ethical Teachings).
  • Sharh Nahj al-Balagha (Explaining Nahj al-Balagha), 5 volumes.

See also

References
  1. Louër, Laurence (2011). Transnational Shia Politics: Religious and Political Networks in the Gulf. Hurst. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-84904-214-7.
  2. "Ayatollah Sayed Muhamamd Kazem Qazwini Khateeb Tawana". hawzah.net (in Persian). Retrieved 2020-04-02.
  3. "al-Khatib al-Marhoom al-Sayyid Muhammad Kadhim al-Qazwini" [The Late Orator Sayyid Muhammad-Kadhim al-Qazwini]. al-Hasanain Institute For Oratory (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  4. "Sayyid Mohammed Kadhim al-Qazwini". Karbala Research Centre (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  5. al-Jibouri, Kaamil Salman (2003). Mu'jam al-'Udaba' Min 'Asr al-Jahili Hata Sanat 2002 [Glossary of Scholars: From the Jahiliyyah to 2002 AD] (in Arabic). Vol. 6. Beirut, Lebanon: Daar al-Kitab al-'Ilmiya. p. 72.
  6. al-Sayyid Hassan, Dakhil (1996). Mu'jam al-Khutaba [Glossary of Orators] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Kuwait: al-Alamiya Foundation. p. 51.
  7. Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1998). Asha'er Karbala Wa 'Usariha [Tribes and Families of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydha'. p. 178.
  8. Sharif Razi, Muhammad (1973). Ganjine Danishmandan (in Persian). Vol. 9. Tehran, Iran. p. 276.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. al-Sayyid Hassan, Dakhil (1996). Mu'jam al-Khutaba [Glossary of Orators] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Kuwait: al-Alamiya Foundation. pp. 53–4.
  10. Jasim, Adib (2009). al-Inayat al-Khalida: Bahth Ruwa'i Qusas Hawl Inayat Ahl al-Bayt (a) [Immortal Protection: Narrated Research and Stories Regarding the Protection of the Ahlulbayt (pbut)] (in Arabic). Dar al-Uloom. pp. 81–2.
  11. al-Sayyid Hassan, Dakhil (1996). Mu'jam al-Khutaba [Glossary of Orators] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Kuwait: al-Alamiya Foundation. pp. 57–8.
  12. Jasim, Adib (2009). al-Inayat al-Khalida: Bahth Ruwa'i Qusas Hawl Inayat Ahl al-Bayt (a) [Immortal Protection: Narrated Research and Stories Regarding the Protection of the Ahlulbayt (pbut)] (in Arabic). Dar al-Uloom. p. 212.
  13. "al-Khatib al-Sayed Abdul Hussain al-Qazwini" [The Orator Sayyid Abd al-Husayn al-Qazwini]. www.kasaed.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  14. "al-Khatib al-Sheikh Murtadha al-Shahroudi" [The Orator Sheikh Murtadha al-Shahroudi]. al-Hasanain Institute For Oratory (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  15. al-Sayyid Hassan, Dakhil (1996). Mu'jam al-Khutaba [Glossary of Orators] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Kuwait: al-Alamiya Foundation. pp. 56–7.
  16. "al-Imam al-Shirazi Shakhsiya Wa Tarikh" [Imam Shirazi Personality and History]. www.alshirazi.com. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  17. "al-Alawiya al-Fadhila Haram Ayatillah al-Sayed Mohammed Kadhim al-Qazwini Rahimaha Allah Ta'ala" [The Noble Wife of Ayatollah Muhammad-Kadhim al-Qazwini Passes Away]. www.alshirazi.com (in Arabic). 2001-04-18. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  18. Sharif Razi, Muhammad (1973). Ganjine Danishmandan (in Persian). Vol. 9. Tehran, Iran. p. 277.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. al-Sayyid Hassan, Dakhil (1996). Mu'jam al-Khutaba [Glossary of Orators] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Kuwait: al-Alamiya Foundation. pp. 61–2.
  20. al-Muhtadi, Abd al-Atheem (2009). Qusas Wa Khawatir - Min Akhlaqiyat 'Ulama' al-Din [Stories and Memories - From the Manners of the Scholars] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-Balagh. p. 577.
  21. "After 17 years of death … Ayatollah Qazwini dead body remained fresh". ABNA 24. 21 May 2011. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  22. "Ba'd Muroor 17 Aam Ala Wafatih Baqa' Jasad al-Sayyid al-Qazwini Tariyan" [After 17 years passed, the body of Sayyid al-Qazwini remains fresh]. alshirazi.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  23. al-Sayyid Hassan, Dakhil (1996). Mu'jam al-Khutaba [Glossary of Orators] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Kuwait: al-Alamiya Foundation. p. 56.
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