Monarchy in Saskatchewan

By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, the Canadian monarchy operates in Saskatchewan as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy.[1] As such, the Crown within Saskatchewan's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in right of Saskatchewan,[2] His Majesty in right of Saskatchewan,[3] or His Majesty the King in right of Saskatchewan.[4] The Constitution Act, 1867, however, leaves many royal duties in Saskatchewan specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan,[1] whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy.[5]

King in right of Saskatchewan
Provincial
Coat of arms of Saskatchewan
Incumbent
Charles III
King of Canada
since 8 September 2022
Details
StyleHis Majesty
First monarchEdward VII
Formation1 September 1905

Constitutional role
Main article: Monarchy in the Canadian provinces

The role of the Crown is both legal and practical; it functions in Saskatchewan in the same way it does in all of Canada's other provinces, being the centre of a constitutional construct in which the institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority share the power of the whole.[6] It is thus the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the province's government.[7] The Canadian monarch—since  8 September 2022, King Charles III—is represented and his duties carried out by the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy, with most related powers entrusted for exercise by the elected parliamentarians, the ministers of the Crown generally drawn from amongst them, and the judges and justices of the peace.[5] The Crown today primarily functions as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance and a nonpartisan safeguard against the abuse of power.[5][8][9] This arrangement began with the granting of Royal Assent to the 1905 Saskatchewan Act,[1] and continued an unbroken line of monarchical government extending back to the mid 17th century. However, though Saskatchewan has a separate government headed by the King, as a province, Saskatchewan is not itself a kingdom.[10]

Gordon and Naomi Barnhart at a 2006 Monarchist League of Canada event, during their first year as Saskatchewan's viceregal couple

Government House in Regina is owned by the sovereign only in his capacity as King in right of Saskatchewan and is used both as an office and as an official event location by the lieutenant governor, the sovereign, and other members of the Canadian Royal Family. The viceroy resides in a separate home provided by the provincial Crown and the King and his relations reside at a hotel when in Saskatchewan.

Royal associations
Further information: Royal tours of Canada

Those in the Royal Family perform ceremonial duties when on a tour of the province; the royal persons do not receive any personal income for their service, only the costs associated with the exercise of these obligations are funded by both the Canadian and Saskatchewan Crowns in their respective councils.[11] Monuments around Saskatchewan mark some of those visits, while others honour a royal personage or event. Further, Saskatchewan's monarchical status is illustrated by royal names applied regions, communities, schools, and buildings, many of which may also have a specific history with a member or members of the Royal Family. Gifts are also sometimes offered from the people of Saskatchewan, via the Office of Protocol and Honours, to a royal person to mark a visit or an important milestone; for instance, Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (later Queen Elizabeth II), was in 1951 given two paintings by Robert Newton Hurley and works were commissioned from Catherine Perehudoff for Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[12][13] Unofficial gifts are also offered on various occasions, including a carload of locally milled flour from Yorkton for Princess Elizabeth on her marriage in 1947,[14] and Royal Family members and viceroys have been conferred honorary degrees by Saskatchewan universities.[n 1]

Associations also exist between the Crown and many private organizations within the province; these may have been founded by a Royal Charter, received a royal prefix, and/or been honoured with the patronage of a member of the Royal Family. Examples include the Globe Theatre, which is under the patronage of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, which received its royal prefix from Queen Elizabeth II in 1993. At the various levels of education within Saskatchewan, there also exist a number of scholarships and academic awards either established by or named for members of the Royal Family, such as the Queen Elizabeth II Scholarship in Parliamentary Studies and the Queen Elizabeth II Centennial Aboriginal Scholarship.[16]

The main symbol of the monarchy is the sovereign hisself, his image (in portrait or effigy) thus being used to signify government authority.[17] A royal cypher, crown, or the provincial arms (known as the Arms of His Majesty in right of Saskatchewan[18]) may also illustrate the monarchy as the locus of authority, without referring to any specific monarch. Additionally, though the monarch does not form a part of the constitutions of Saskatchewan's honours, they do stem from the Crown as the fount of honour, and so bear on the insignia symbols of the sovereign. The King or others in his family may bestow awards in person: in 2004, the Princess Royal presented to 25 recipients the Saskatchewan Protective Services Medal, marking the first time a member of the Royal Family had presented a provincial honour in Canada, and, when the Queen was in the province in 2005, she appointed Saskatchewan citizens to the Royal Victorian Order. Similarly, under the authority of the Queen in right of Saskatchewan, other members of the Royal Family have received Saskatchewan honours.[n 2]

History
Main article: History of monarchy in Canada
Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal (Saskatchewan)

In 1882, Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, and her husband, the then Governor General of Canada, were the first members of the Royal Family to pass through what would become Saskatchewan.[19] During a stop at the not yet named territorial capital, in the dining room of the Royal Train, Princess Louise named the new community Regina, after her mother, Queen Victoria.[20]

When Prince Edward Albert (later King Edward VIII) toured Saskatchewan in 1919, he was entertained by the equestrian abilities of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and bronco busting.[21]

Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, presided over the celebrations of the 75th anniversary of Saskatchewan's entry into Confederation and Princess Anne marked Regina's centennial.[20] Queen Elizabeth II presided over the main events in 2005 celebrating the 100th anniversary of Saskatchewan's creation.[22]

In 2022, Saskatchewan instituted a provincial Platinum Jubilee medal to mark the Queen's seventy years on the Canadian throne; the first time in Canada's history that a royal occasion was commemorated on provincial medals.[23]

See also

Notes
  1. Princess Anne, Princess Royal, for instance, was awarded her first Canadian honorary degree by the University of Regina in 2004, for her charitable work, and the University of Saskatchewan granted six degrees on viceroys between 1955 and 2006.[15]
  2. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, were both inducted into Saskatchewan Order of Merit (in 2001 and 2005, respectively) and both the Earl of Wessex and his wife, Sophie, Countess of Wessex, were in 2005 awarded the Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan.

References
  1. Saskatchewan Act, SC 1905, c. 42.
  2. The Crown Minerals Act, SS 1984-85-86, c. C-50.2, s. 23(1)(a).
  3. Claim Settlements (Alberta and Saskatchewan) Implementation Act, SC 2002, c. 3, s. 6(1)(a).
  4. Saskatchewan Treaty Land Entitlement Act, SC 1993, c. 11, Preamble.
  5. MacLeod, Kevin S. (2008). A Crown of Maples (PDF) (1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-662-46012-1.
  6. Cox, Noel (September 2002). "Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence". Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law. Perth: Murdoch University. 9 (3): 12. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
  7. Privy Council Office (2008). Accountable Government: A Guide for Ministers and Ministers of State – 2008. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-100-11096-7. Archived from the original on 18 March 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
  8. Roberts, Edward (2009). "Ensuring Constitutional Wisdom During Unconventional Times" (PDF). Canadian Parliamentary Review. Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. 23 (1): 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  9. MacLeod 2008, p. 20
  10. Forsey, Eugene (31 December 1974). "Crown and Cabinet". In Forsey, Eugene (ed.). Freedom and Order: Collected Essays. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7710-9773-7.
  11. Palmer, Sean; Aimers, John (2002), The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: $1.10 per Canadian (2 ed.), Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada, archived from the original on 19 June 2008, retrieved 15 May 2009
  12. Swaan, Michael; Asfada, Solomon. "University Library > Robert N. Hurley: Skypainter > The Hurley Collection". University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  13. "Catherine Perehudoff". The Gallery/art placement inc. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  14. "City Hall > History > History and Folklore Summary 1940 – 1949". City of Yorkton. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  15. "University of Saskatchewan Archives > University History > Honorary degree recipients". University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  16. Government of Saskatchewan. "Publications Centre > Forms > Advanced Education, Employment and Labour > Queen Elizabeth II Scholarship". Publications Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  17. MacKinnon, Frank (1976), The Crown in Canada, Calgary: Glenbow-Alberta Institute, p. 69, ISBN 978-0-7712-1016-7
  18. Office of the Provincial Secretary. "About OPS > Protocol Office > Emblems of Saskatchewan > Coat of Arms". Queen's Printer for Saskatchewan. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  19. Jackson, Michael D. (1990), "Royal Visits", in Cottrell, Michael (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan, Regina: Canadian Plains Research Centre, archived from the original on 8 October 2007, retrieved 30 June 2009
  20. Archer, John H. (1996). "Regina: A Royal City". Monarchy Canada Magazine. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Spring 1996. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  21. “At Home in Canada”: Royalty at Canada’s Historic Places, Canad's Historic Places, retrieved 30 April 2023
  22. "Royal couple touches down in Saskatchewan". CTV. 18 May 2005. Archived from the original on May 24, 2005. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  23. "Province Announces Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal". Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

Further reading
  • Barnhart, Gordon (2004). "The Queen in Saskatchewan". Canadian Parliamentary Review. Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. 10 (4): 14–15. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  • Jackson, Michael D. (1990). The Canadian Monarchy in Saskatchewan (2 ed.). Regina: Queen's Printer for Saskatchewan.
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