Monkey's Audio

Monkey's Audio is an algorithm and file format for lossless audio data compression. Lossless data compression does not discard data during the process of encoding, unlike lossy compression methods such as Advanced Audio Coding, MP3, Vorbis, and Opus. Therefore, it may be decompressed to a file that is identical to the source material.

Not to be confused with MediaMonkey, an unrelated digital media player and media library application.

Monkey's Audio
Developer(s)Matthew T. Ashland
Initial release2000 (2000)
Stable release
10.24[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 29 September 2023
TypeAudio compression
LicenseThe 3-Clause BSD Licence
Websitewww.monkeysaudio.com
Filename extension
.ape
Internet media typeno value, audio/x-ape
Standardwww.monkeysaudio.com/developers.html
Open format?No

Similar to other lossless audio codecs, files encoded to Monkey's Audio are typically reduced to about half of the original size,[2] with data transfer time and storage requirements being reduced accordingly.

Comparisons

Like any lossless compression scheme, Monkey's Audio format takes up several times as much space as lossy compression formats - typically, about twice as much as a 320 kbit/s bitrate MP3 file. The upside is that no data is lost compared to the input file, making lossless codecs suitable for transcoding, or simply taking up approximately half as much space as raw PCM data.

Relative to FLAC, Apple Lossless Audio Codec, or WavPack, Monkey's Audio is slow to encode or decode files.

While Monkey's Audio can achieve high compression ratios,[3] the cost is a dramatic increase in requirements on the decoding end. Many older portable media players, and even older smartphones, have difficulty handling this. In comparison, most lossless codecs are asymmetric, meaning that the work done to achieve higher compression ratios, if selected by the user, slows down the encoding process, but has essentially no effect on the decoding requirements.[4]

Licensing

On 10 August 2023, with the release of version 10.18, Monkey's Audio switched to the Open Source Initiative-approved 3-Clause BSD Licence.[5]

Other lossless codecs such as FLAC and WavPack are also available under open source licences, and are well supported in Linux distributions and in many applications. Since all of these formats are lossless, users can transcode between formats without generation loss.

Supported platforms

Officially, Monkey's Audio is available only for the Microsoft Windows platform. As of version 4.02 (19 January 2009) a DirectShow filter is distributed with the installer, allowing for compatibility with most media players running on the Windows operating system.[5]

Monkey's Audio is also supported on Linux and OS X using JRiver Media Center or Plex.

A GPL-licensed version of the Monkey's Audio decoder has been independently written for Rockbox and is included in FFmpeg.[6][7] This code also provides playback support in applications that use GStreamer,[8] as well as DeaDBeeF.

A number of Mac OS X players and rippers support the format as well.[9] It is also available as a port and package on FreeBSD.[10]

Monkey's Audio files can be encoded and decoded on any platform which has a J2SE implementation, by the means of the unofficial JMAC library, which is free software licensed under the GNU LGPL.

Hardware support

Monkey's Audio is supported natively on all modern Cowon multimedia media players, the FiiO X Series and some Cayin digital audio players.

On other hardware platforms, the open source firmware project Rockbox supports playback of Monkey's Audio files on most of its supported targets, but many lack sufficient processing power to play them on the higher compression settings.[4]

See also

References
  1. "Monkey's Audio Version History". Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  2. "Lossless comparison: Comparison table". Hydrogen Audio. 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  3. van Beurden, Martijn (4 January 2015). "Lossless Audio Codec Comparison (Revision 4)" (PDF). Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  4. "SoundCodecMonkeysAudio < Main < Wiki". Rockbox.org. 2 April 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  5. "Monkey's Audio version history". Monkeysaudio.com. 10 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  6. Sebastian, Michael (25 June 2007). "Ubuntu bug entry about Monkey's audio inclusion (Comment 2)". Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  7. "FFmpeg 0.5 changelog". FFmpeg. 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  8. "GStreamer Monkey's Audio Plug-in". GStreamer. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  9. "Audio - Software for Mac". Pure Mac. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  10. "FreshPorts -- audio/mac: Monkey's Audio lossless codec". FreshPorts. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
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