Monotube steam generator
A monotube steam generator is a type of steam generator consisting of a single tube, usually in a multi-layer spiral, that forms a once-through steam generator (OTSG). The first of these was the Herreshoff steam generator of 1873.[1]
Principles
For the sake of efficiency, it is desirable to minimise the steam content of the generator. Heat can then be transferred efficiently into liquid water, rather than into low-density steam. Monotube steam generators may either boil gradually along their length, usually pumped circulation systems,[2] but where this boiling does not disrupt the circulation. Otherwise they can use the Benson supercritical system, where the pressure is sufficient to prevent boiling (within the heated volume) altogether.[3]
Examples
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Examples of Monotube steam generators include:
- Industrial steam generators [4]
- The water-tube boilers of the monotube type used in steam cars, such as:
- AMC
- Clayton Steam Generator
- Doble
- Gardner-Serpollet
- Locomobile Company of America
- White, US patent 659,837 of 1900 [5]
Flash boilers
A flash boiler is a particular type of low-water-content monotube boiler. Modern use is confined to model steam boats but, historically, flash boilers were used in Gardner-Serpollet steam cars.
References
- Light Steam Power. XXIV (3): 157–159. July–September 1975.
{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - Newest on Process Equipments (2012-11-25). "Boilers circulation systems: natural circulation and forced circulation". Enggcyclopedia. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - "Clayton Thermal Products UK - Steam Generators Principle of Operation". Archived from the original on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)