Acanthocereus
Acanthocereus is a genus of cacti. Its species take the form of shrubs with arching or climbing stems up to several meters in height. The generic name is derived from the Greek word άκανθα (acantha), meaning spine,[3] and the Latin word cereus, meaning candle.[4] The genus is native to the mostly tropical Americas from Texas and the southern tip of Florida to the northern part of South America (Colombia and Venezuela), including islands of the Caribbean.[5]
| Acanthocereus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A. tetragonus flower (right), A. subinermis flower and fruit (left) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Tribe: | Hylocereeae |
| Genus: | Acanthocereus (Engelm. ex A.Berger) Britton & Rose[1] |
| Type species | |
| Acanthocereus baxaniensis (now a synonym of Acanthocereus tetragonus) | |
| Species | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Description
_001.jpg.webp)
The plants form bushes which later usually overhanging or spreading and are rarely tree-shaped. Stems have 3 to 5 ribs, typically thin, with stout spines. The large, white, funnel-shaped flowers are night-opening, 12–25 cm (4.7–9.8 in) long and 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in) in diameter and open at night. The little scaly pericarpel and the long, stiff, upright flower tube are covered with a few thorns that soon decay and little wool. The fruits are spherical to ovoid or pear-shaped red or green, bare or thorny, tear-open or non-tear-open and contain broadly oval, shiny black seeds of up to 4.8 millimeter.
Taxonomy
The name was first used by George Engelmann in 1863, although he did not describe its characters, leaving it to Alwin Berger in 1905 to define it as a subsection of Cereus. In 1909, Nathaniel Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose elevated Acanthocereus to a genus.[6]
Species
As of August 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[5]
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Acanthocereus canoensis (P.R.House, Gómez-Hin. & H.M.Hern.) S.Arias & N.Korotkova | Honduras. | |
| Acanthocereus castellae (Sánchez-Mej.) Lodé | Mexico (Jalisco to Guerrero) | |
| Acanthocereus chiapensis Bravo | Mexico (Chiapas) to Honduras | |
 | Acanthocereus cuixmalensis (Sánchez-Mej.) Lodé | Mexico (Jalisco to Michoacán) |
| Acanthocereus fosterianus (Cutak) Lodé | Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas) | |
| Acanthocereus haackeanus Backeb. ex Lodé | Mexico | |
| Acanthocereus hesperius D.R.Hunt | Mexico (Oaxaca) | |
| Acanthocereus hirschtianus (K.Schum.) Lodé | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua | |
| Acanthocereus lempirensis H. Vega, Gómez-Hin. & H.M. Hern. | Honduras | |
| Acanthocereus macdougallii (Cutak) Lodé | Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas) | |
| Acanthocereus maculatus Weingart ex Bravo | Mexico | |
| Acanthocereus oaxacensis (Britton & Rose) Lodé | Mexico (Oaxaca) | |
| Acanthocereus paradoxus Gonz.-Zam. & Dan.Sánchez | Mexico (Jalisco) | |
| Acanthocereus rosei (J.G.Ortega) Lodé | Mexico (Sinaloa to Michoacán) | |
| Acanthocereus tepalcatepecanus (Sánchez-Mej.) Lodé | Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero) | |
 | Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck | Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua, Panamá, United States (Texas, Florida) Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, |
Species formerly placed in the genus that have been moved to other genera include:
- Acanthocereus brasiliensis Britton & Rose → Strophocactus brasiliensis[2]
- Acanthocereus sicariguensis Croizat & Tamayo → Strophocactus sicariguensis[2]
Distribution
Acanthocereus tetragonus, commonly known as Barbed-wire Cactus, Chaco, Nun-tsusuy, or Órgano, is the most widespread of the genus and the largest, reaching 2–7 m (6.6–23.0 ft) tall.
References
- "Acanthocereus (Engelm. ex A. Berger) Britton & Rose". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 4 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2009-12-04.
- Korotkova, Nadja; Borsch, Thomas & Arias, Salvador (2017). "A phylogenetic framework for the Hylocereeae (Cactaceae) and implications for the circumscription of the genera" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 327 (1): 1–46. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.1.
- Eggli, U.; Newton, L.E. (2004). Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-540-00489-9. Retrieved 2018-09-20.
- Couplan, François; James Duke (1998). Encyclopedia of Edible Plants of North America. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-87983-821-8.
- "Acanthocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- Anderson, Edward F. (2001). The Cactus Family. Timber Press. pp. 106–108. ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5.
External links
Media related to Acanthocereus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Acanthocereus at Wikispecies