Mount Lamarck

Mount Lamarck is a 13,417-foot-elevation (4,090-meter) mountain summit located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in northern California, United States.[3] It is situated on the shared boundary of Kings Canyon National Park with John Muir Wilderness, and along the common border of Fresno County with Inyo County. It is 20 miles (32 km) southwest of the community of Bishop, and 1.9 miles (3.1 km) north of Mount Darwin. Subsidiary peak Mount Lamarck North (13,464 feet (4,104 meters) ranks as the 67th highest summit in California, and the sixth highest in the Evolution Region.[4][1] Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises 4,290 feet (1,310 meters) above Lake Sabrina in three miles, and the west aspect rises 3,600 feet (1,100 meters) above Evolution Valley in three miles.

Mount Lamarck
Northwest aspect from Upper Lamarck Lake.
(Peak 12,373, Mt. Lamarck, North Lamarck)
Highest point
Elevation13,417 ft (4,090 m)[1]
Prominence97 ft (30 m)[1]
Parent peakPeak 13464 (Mt. Lamarck North)[2]
Isolation0.21 mi (0.34 km)[2]
ListingSierra Peaks Section
Coordinates37°11′42″N 118°40′14″W[3]
Naming
EtymologyJean-Baptiste Lamarck
Geography
Mount Lamarck is located in California
Mount Lamarck
Mount Lamarck
Location in California
Mount Lamarck is located in the United States
Mount Lamarck
Mount Lamarck
Mount Lamarck (the United States)
LocationKings Canyon National Park
Fresno County / Inyo County
California, U.S.
Parent rangeSierra Nevada
Evolution Crest[1]
Topo mapUSGS Mount Darwin
Geology
Age of rockCretaceous
Mountain typeFault block
Type of rockgranitic
Climbing
First ascent1925
Easiest routeclass 2[2] Southeast slope

History

In 1895, Sierra Club explorer Theodore S. Solomons named a group of mountains in the Sierra Nevada after exponents of Darwin's theory of evolution.[5][6] These six peaks are now known collectively as the Evolution Group.[7] The peaks were named after Charles Darwin, John Fiske, Alfred Russel Wallace, Herbert Spencer, Ernst Haeckel and Thomas Henry Huxley.

This mountain's name was officially adopted in 1911 by the United States Board on Geographic Names, based on a suggestion by Grove Karl Gilbert, to honor French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), an early proponent of the idea that biological evolution occurred in accordance with natural laws.[3][8]

The first ascent of the summit was made via the south slope on August 15, 1925, by Norman Clyde, who is credited with 130 first ascents, most of which were in the Sierra Nevada.[9][10]

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Mount Lamarck is located in an alpine climate zone.[11] Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range (orographic lift). The climate supports a small glacier in the cirque below Lamarck's steep northern cliffs. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains northeast into Lamarck Creek which is a tributary to Bishop Creek, and west into Evolution Creek, which is a San Joaquin River tributary.

See also
Sunrise at North Lake, with Lamarck slightly left of center in back

References
  1. "Mount Lamarck, California". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  2. "Lamarck, Mount - 13,417' CA". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  3. "Mount Lamarck". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  4. "13464 - CA". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  5. Francis Peloubet Farquhar, Exploration of the Sierra Nevada, 1925, California Historical Society, page 47.
  6. Browning, Peter (1986). Place Names of the Sierra Nevada. Berkeley: Wilderness Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-89997-119-9.
  7. Peter Browning, Place Names of the Sierra Nevada From Abbot to Zumwalt, 1986, Wilderness Press, ISBN 9780899970479, page 89.
  8. Erwin G. Gudde, California Place Names, University of California Press, 1969, ISBN 9780520266193, page 202.
  9. Norman Clyde - Mountaineer, Owensvalleyhistory.com
  10. R. J. Secor, The High Sierra Peaks, Passes, Trails, 2009, Third Edition, Mountaineers Books, ISBN 9781594857386, page 310.
  11. Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11. ISSN 1027-5606.
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