Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
Muiz ud din Qaiqabad (1269 – 1 February 1290, reigned 1286–1290) was the tenth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty (Slave dynasty). He was the son of Bughra Khan the Independent sultan of Bengal, as well as grandson of Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266–1286).
| Muiz ud-din Qaiqabad | |
|---|---|
| 10th Sultan of Delhi | |
| Reign | 1286 – 1 February 1290 |
| Predecessor | Ghiyas ud din Balban |
| Successor | Shamsuddin Kayumars |
| Born | 1269 Bengal |
| Died | 1 February 1290 (aged 20–21) Delhi, India |
| Issue | Shamsuddin Kayumars |
| Dynasty | Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi) |
| Father | Nasiruddin Bughra Khan |
| Religion | Islam |
Historical background
After the death of his son Muhammad Khan, in 1286 at the hands of the Mongols during the Battle of Beas River, Ghiyas ud din Balban was in an unrecoverable state of shock. In his last days he called his son Bughra Khan, who was then the Governor of Bengal, to stay with him, but due to the stern nature of his father he slipped away to Bengal. Eventually, Balban chose his grandson and son of Muhammad, Kay Khusroe, to be his successor. However, when Balban died, Fakhr-ud-Din, the Kotwal of Delhi, set aside the nomination and chose for Muiz ud din Qaiqabad, son of Bughra Khan, to become ruler instead, although he was only 17 years old.[1]
Reign
After he became the Sultan, he indulged in the life of wine and women, the example set by the Sultan was also followed by his courtiers. He was not as much a pious Muslim as his predecessors as he did not focus on his Islamic studies as much. His army met with his father Bughra Khan's Bengal army in Northern Bihar, but due to the love for his father he ran towards him to embrace his crying. No battle took place and a lasting peace treaty was agreed between Bengal and Hindustan, which was even respected by his successors. On his return to Delhi, he transferred Nizam-ud-Din to Multan, seeing the latter's hesitation, the Sultan ordered him to be poisoned. He appointed Jalal-ud-din Khalji as a new commander of the army, but the murder and appointment sent a wave of dissent amongst the Turkic nobility. Taking advantage of this Jalal-ud-Din Firuz marched his army to Delhi.[2][3]
After four years, he was murdered in 1290 by a Khalji noble. His infant son, Kayumars, was also murdered, ending the Mamluk Dynasty and instigating the Khalji Revolution.[4]
Coinage
Muiz ud din Qaiqabad struck coins in gold, silver, copper and billon. He struck many coins from Delhi and Lucknow.
Silver Tanka from Hazrat Dehli Mint (10.95 grams)
Billon 3 gani (3.32 grams)
Copper Paika of 40 Rati (4.2 grams)
Copper Adli (2 grams)
References
- V.D. Mahajan (2007). History of medieval India (10th ed.). New Delhi: S Chand. pp. 121, 122. ISBN 8121903645.
- V.D. Mahajan (2007). History of medieval India (10th ed.). New Delhi: S Chand. pp. 121, 122. ISBN 8121903645.
- Antonova, K.A.; Bongard-Levin, G.; Kotovsky, G. (1979). A History of India Volume 1. Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers. p. 204.
- Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 80. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.