Multicast routing

Multicast routing is one of the routing protocols in IP networking.[1]

This article is about one-to-many communications. For radio systems, see Point-to-multipoint communication. For broadcasting multiple programs using a single channel, see Multicast channel.
Routing schemes
Unicast

Broadcast

Multicast

Anycast

There are several multicast routing protocols supporting communications where data transmission is addressed to a group of destination computers simultaneously: Multicast Source Discovery Protocol, Multicast BGP, Protocol Independent Multicast.[2]

Overview

Multicast routing is a method of transmitting to all subscribers registered in a group by one transmission unlike unicast routing (i.e. OSPF, RIP) which transmits 1: 1 necessary data.[2] To implement the multicast routing, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and a multicast routing protocol (Reverse-path forwarding, PIM-SM) for registration subscriber grouping and control traffic are required for multicast transmission.[2][3][4] Regarding IP multicast, it is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP network. IP multicast covers some part of common multicast routing protocol. IP multicast also describe IP multicast software (i.e. VideoLAN,qpimd – PIM Daemon for Quagga, GNU — PIM module for the Quagga Routing Suite, UFTP, etc.). The multicast routing is specific and broad range of protocols for layer-3 routing protocol for multicast feature and it is defined in RFC 5110.[5]

Routing mechanism

A multicast routing protocol is a mechanism for constructing a loop-free shortest path from a source host that sends data to the multiple destinations that receives the data. IPv4 uses Class D address (224.0.0.0 ~ 239.255.255.255)[2] IPv6 multicast provides the previous feature of IPv4 and a new IPv6 feature, allowing a host to send a single data stream to a subset of all hosts (group transmission) concurrently.[6] There are four types of Well-Known IPv6 Multicast address range : ff02::1: All IPv6 devices,•ff02::2: All IPv6 routers,•ff02::5: All OSPFv3 routers,•ff02::a: All EIGRP (IPv6) routers.[7][8]

The Multicast tree classification

There are two types of Multicast trees which are the Source-based tree and Group Shared tree.[2] [3]

Source based tree (SBT)

Its SSM (Source Specific Multicast) protocol. The maximum delay is short between End-to-end communication. It has poor scalability. (it is difficult to apply large network) Supported protocols include DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM-DM[2][3]

Group Shared tree

It is Core-Based Tree, selecting one router in the network as the root and transmitting information through the root router. Maximum delay in the tree is longer than SBT(Source-based tree), The core router manages all the information, and the remaining routers manage the direction of the core and the multicast information requested by the current neighboring router. it has a Good Scalability (applicable to large networks). Supported protocols include CBT, PIM-SM, etc.[2][3]

See also

References
  1. CISCO Security Research & Operations- 3 June 2015:Understanding Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding | Cisco -unicast-reverse-path-forwarding
  2. CISCO Security Research & Operations- 3 June 2015:IP Multicast Routing Technology Overview | Cisco IP Multicast Routing Technology Overview
  3. Microsoft Multicast Routing Protocol Overview- 3 June 2015:Microsoft Multicast Routing Protocol Overview | Microsoft Multicast Routing ProtocolOverview
  4. Multicast IP Routing Technology Overview- 3 Nov 2018:IP Multicast Routing Technology Overview | Multicast IP Routing Technology Overview -comparitech
  5. P. Savola (January 2008). Overview of the Internet Multicast Routing Architecture. doi:10.17487/RFC5110. RFC 5110.
  6. "Implementing IPv6 Multicast", IPv6 Implementation Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15.2M&T, retrieved 2021-09-22
  7. IPv6 Address Representation and Address Types, retrieved 2021-09-22
  8. "Network Router Types". Retrieved 2022-12-24.
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