Multivesicular release

Multivesicular Release (MVR) is the phenomenon by which individual chemical synapses, forming the junction between neurons, is mediated by multiple releasable vesicles of neurotransmitter.[1] In neuroscience, whether one or many vesicles are released per action potential[2] depends on the synapse and has been shown to be more prevalent in humans.[3]

Examples

In the mammalian brain, MVR has been shown to be common throughout the brain including in hippocampus[1][4][5] and cerebellum.[6] It has also been proposed[7] and then refuted[8] at the ribbon synapses formed between inner hair cell and spiral ganglion neurons.[9] Recent evidence points to a possibility of MVR at neocortical connections of the somatosensory cortex[10] as well as in other brain regions (for a review see).[2]

References
  1. Tong G, Jahr CE (January 1994). "Multivesicular release from excitatory synapses of cultured hippocampal neurons". Neuron. 12 (1): 51–59. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90151-1. PMID 7507341. S2CID 205121136.
  2. Rudolph S, Tsai MC, von Gersdorff H, Wadiche JI (July 2015). "The ubiquitous nature of multivesicular release". Trends in Neurosciences. 38 (7): 428–438. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.05.008. PMC 4495900. PMID 26100141.
  3. Molnár G, Rózsa M, Baka J, Holderith N, Barzó P, Nusser Z, Tamás G (August 2016). "Human pyramidal to interneuron synapses are mediated by multi-vesicular release and multiple docked vesicles". eLife. 5: e18167. doi:10.7554/eLife.18167. PMC 4999310. PMID 27536876.
  4. Oertner TG, Sabatini BL, Nimchinsky EA, Svoboda K (July 2002). "Facilitation at single synapses probed with optical quantal analysis". Nature Neuroscience. 5 (7): 657–664. doi:10.1038/nn867. PMID 12055631. S2CID 18814083.
  5. Christie JM, Jahr CE (January 2006). "Multivesicular release at Schaffer collateral-CA1 hippocampal synapses". The Journal of Neuroscience. 26 (1): 210–216. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4307-05.2006. PMC 2670931. PMID 16399689.
  6. Wadiche JI, Jahr CE (October 2001). "Multivesicular release at climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapses". Neuron. 32 (2): 301–313. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00488-3. PMID 11683999. S2CID 14701706.
  7. Glowatzki E, Fuchs PA (February 2002). "Transmitter release at the hair cell ribbon synapse". Nature Neuroscience. 5 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1038/nn796. PMID 11802170. S2CID 15735147.
  8. Chapochnikov NM, Takago H, Huang CH, Pangršič T, Khimich D, Neef J, et al. (September 2014). "Uniquantal release through a dynamic fusion pore is a candidate mechanism of hair cell exocytosis". Neuron. 83 (6): 1389–1403. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.003. PMID 25199706.
  9. Fuchs PA (July 2005). "Time and intensity coding at the hair cell's ribbon synapse". The Journal of Physiology. 566 (Pt 1): 7–12. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.082214. PMC 1464726. PMID 15845587.
  10. Huang CH, Bao J, Sakaba T (September 2010). "Multivesicular release differentiates the reliability of synaptic transmission between the visual cortex and the somatosensory cortex". The Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (36): 11994–12004. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2381-10.2010. PMC 6633560. PMID 20826663.
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