John Cannan

Starting from the late-1970s up until 1980, during the final years of Cannan's troubled marriage, a series of mysterious and brutal rapes occurred in homes for sale in the West Midlands, where he was living at that time.[18][19] The unidentified rapist specifically targeted homes on the market at estate agents, and became known as the House For Sale Rapist. Twenty women were assaulted and raped in properties in the area, and no one was ever arrested for the crimes.[18] Police now suspect that Cannan was responsible for these offences, and that he began committing them as his marriage had begun to deteriorate. The rapes stopped in early-1980 when Cannan began a new relationship with a woman named Sharon Major.[18][20]

Detectives would later note that the offences bore all the hallmarks of his later crimes and also noted the similarities to the disappearance of Lamplugh, who herself was an estate agent.[18] Notably, Cannan had shown up uninvited to a house that was for sale in Shorrolds Road in Fulham days before Lamplugh was last seen there, believing that the young female occupant was alone in the house.[21][22] He started acting strangely until the woman's husband appeared, causing him to quickly leave.[22]

Cannan left his wife in 1980 for Major, whom he attacked when she tried to leave him.[11] After turning up at her house on New Year's Eve with a bottle of wine, he strangled her during sex while telling her he was going to kill her, and also brought a gun to the house. Major was able to fight Cannan off and was taken to hospital in an ambulance.[23] Cannan told her on the way to the hospital that he had meant to kill her.[23] Cannan robbed a petrol station kiosk in February 1981, using a knife to threaten two female assistants.[5] In March that year, during a robbery at a ladies' knitwear shop, Cannan raped shop assistant Jean Bradford[20] at knifepoint after threatening to stab her 17-month-old baby, who was in a back room; Bradford's mother arrived during the attack, only to be tied up by Cannan and made to watch the attack.[5][24]

In mid-1987 Cannan bought a dark BMW 3-series

At Birmingham Crown Court on 26 June 1981, after pleading guilty, Cannan was sentenced to five years imprisonment for raping Bradford and a consecutive three years for two counts of robbery.[2] He served five years of his eight-year sentence.[25] Cannan served his sentence at HM Prison Bristol before being transferred to Portland, Dorset, and then to London.[11] From 25 January 1986, until the end of his sentence in July, he was serving his sentence in open prison conditions in a prison hostel at Wormwood Scrubs, meaning he was on day release at the time of the murder of Sandra Court in Bournemouth in May and in the lead up to the disappearance of Suzy Lamplugh in July of that year.[25] He attempted suicide in September by taking 68 paracetamol tablets.[26]

Police say that Cannan's modus operandi was to pretend to be a West Country businessman. He would ply women with chocolates and flowers and then attack when the women rejected him.[27] Between 1986 and 1987, Cannan had an affair with his solicitor; he threatened her and her family.[28] Only ten weeks after his release from prison,[5] Cannan raped a woman at knifepoint in Reading in October 1986, an attack he was linked to by DNA from semen.[4] Cannan had come up to the woman's car asking for directions, then brandished a knife and raped and sodomised her. Cannan had been arrested for this offence earlier but denied everything[29] and gave an alibi that he was in Sutton Coldfield at the time of the attack, and the forensic evidence was not strong enough to charge him. An early DNA profile test was inconclusive.[30]

In 1988, as part of the garnering of evidence about Cannan for the investigation into the murder of Shirley Banks, the Home Office ran the DNA test again, by which time the DNA testing technology had improved and it demonstrated a match.[30] Further DNA testing by ICI laboratories also found a match: they had been asked to run the tests because they had more sophisticated DNA testing equipment.[30] Police also used evidence from Cannan's cashpoint card to prove that he had travelled from London to Bristol that day. Reading is on the railway line between these cities.[30]

In September 1987, Cannan signed up for a video-dating agency, giving the fake name of "John Peterson".[19][31] An HTV West news report in 1989 said that Cannan's dating video had received a high response from other daters.[32] Berry and Odell maintain that his video-dating advert was not shown to other daters due to concerns surrounding his odd behaviour.[31]

The following month in October 1987, Cannan tried to abduct 30-year-old Bristol businesswoman Julia Holman from a car park at around 6.50 pm at gunpoint, but she fought him off and later identified him as her attacker.[4][30]

Shirley Banks, who was a newly married 29-year-old textiles factory manager from Clifton,[33] was abducted on the evening of 8 October 1987 some time after 7.40 pm[15] while out on a shopping trip to the Broadmead centre. Her husband searched for her in bars when she failed to return home, as they had agreed to meet for a drink; when he rang her work the next morning, he was told she had just phoned in sick with an upset stomach 15 minutes earlier. When she again failed to return home, he called the police.[15][30] Police believe that Banks was held overnight in Cannan's flat and that he then persuaded her to phone in sick to her work, after pretending he was going to release her.[5]

150 officers from five police forces spent around 140,000 man-hours on the case. The police put out television appeals and searched Bristol Docks for Banks's car. They considered that the telephone call to her work could mean she had left voluntarily and also considered whether her husband could be a suspect; he was quickly eliminated. The police had first planned to link the attempted abduction of Holman the previous night on a Crimewatch reconstruction in November, before Cannan's further crimes led to his arrest.[30]

Regent Street in Leamington Spa

Cannan, then living at Foye House, Leigh Woods, Bristol,[34] was arrested on 29 October 1987 in Leamington Spa for an assault at knife-point on an assistant at a Regent Street dress shop, Ginger.[30][34] Two passers-by had chased him and called the police. He evaded them briefly and they found a knife and bag with blood on it. The police spotted him and saw his hand was bleeding, then arrested him. Near to the shop, they found his black BMW car, which contained rope and an imitation handgun; they also found rope hidden in a toilet cistern in a garage.[30]

A Mini Clubman similar to Banks's

The police searched his car three weeks after Banks had disappeared, where they found a tax disc for her car, inside a briefcase in the glove compartment.[15][30][35] Her orange Mini Clubman was found, painted blue, in the lock-up garage at his block of flats.[4][30][34] The police bailed him from the station in Warwick, where he was being interviewed for the attempted robbery, and police from Bristol immediately rearrested him regarding Banks' disappearance. News media immediately linked Banks' disappearance to that of Lamplugh and published Cannan's prior criminal record. Cannan claimed he had bought the Mini from a man at an auction. The police charged him with assault on 2 November and he had no alibi for the night of Banks's disappearance.[30]

A taxi driver came forward to say that a woman had called a taxi to Cannan's flat at about 2 pm on the day after Banks disappeared, but Cannan told him nobody had called one. At about 2.30 pm, he borrowed a vacuum cleaner from a neighbour and was seen cleaning his car. Cannan's movements could not be accounted for between 3 pm and 7 pm. Police brought in Holman, whom he had attempted to abduct, and she immediately identified him in the line up.[30]

Hoping that Banks was still alive, the police released Cannan's picture to the press.[30] A 69-year-old woman came forward to say she was in traffic near Cannan's flat on 9 October 1987 and saw smoke from a small fire in a copse. In the woods she heard a struggle, punching, a woman saying "No, no" and a man saying "I warned you what I would do". There was also a choking sound. She shouted towards the man with "dark, curly hair" who saw her, ran towards her and lunged at her.[30][36][37] The police were sceptical but believed that it was possible she had heard and seen something in the woods.[30]

Police found a cleaning ticket for a shop in Sutton Coldfield and found that Cannan had dropped off a raincoat with red marks on it in late October. He claimed the marks were due to red mud from making love in a park; police found the marks were bloodstains, that could have been from the same blood group as Banks.[30]

The police built up a composite set of Banks' fingerprints from her parents' house, her home and her work. The left thumbprint matched a document in Cannan's flat.[4] He acknowledged that the document came from his flat, before he knew about the thumbprint.[30] He was charged with her kidnap and murder on 23 December 1987.[30][38]

View towards the Dowsborough Hill Fort where Banks's body was found

Banks' naked, moss-covered decomposed body was found in a stream by a woman, six months after her disappearance, on 3 April 1988 in the Quantock hills, at a site named "Dead Woman's Ditch", part of an Iron Age camp at Dowsborough.[15][33][39] The police found dark red mud at the site where her body was left, gold jewellery and buttons from a dress she had bought.[30] According to pathologist Bernard Knight, she was killed by being hit repeatedly on the head with a rock.[40]

Cannan's trial began on 5 April 1989, when he was charged with the murder of Banks, and a further eight charges including "rape, buggery, kidnap, attempted abduction, indecent assault and abduction for sex."[41] The trial lasted three weeks. After ten hours of deliberation on 28 April 1989, the jury found Cannan guilty of all charges: the abduction and murder of Banks, the rape and buggery of a Reading woman, and the attempted kidnap at gunpoint of Holman.[5][29][30] He was jailed for life by Mr Justice Drake at Exeter Crown Court.[5][35] Drake praised the investigation led by Detective Chief Inspector Brian Saunders.[5]

In November 2001, Police interviewed Cannan at a police station in York over the murder of 27-year-old insurance clerk Sandra Court in May 1986.[35][43] Court had been dropped off by a taxi driver in Throop, Dorset, near her sister's house after a night out, but her sister was not at home.[44][43] She was last seen walking barefoot, appearing slightly drunk, at around 2:45 am.[45] Court's body was found the next day in a water-filled ditch near the River Avon several miles away.[43][45][46] A pay-and-display ticket proves that Cannan was in Bournemouth the day she was killed.[42] Additionally, after a Ford Sierra that Cannan had access to when Court was murdered was discovered at a north London scrap yard during the Lamplugh re-investigations of the early-2000s, two hairs were found inside that matched the DNA of Court. Despite this, the DNA evidence was not strong enough to bring a prosecution against Cannan for her murder.

Court had been killed by strangulation.[29] Ten days after the discovery of Court's body, an anonymous letter was sent to police from Southampton. The letter said the death was "an accident" and that the killer was "truly sorry".[45][44] It further said that "the person concerned is deeply unhappy, hurt and in total shock" and that "the only reason the person has not come forward is the fact of being afraid that their explanation will not be believed".[44] Although an attempt had been made to disguise it, the handwriting style bore clear similarities with the handwriting of Cannan.[47] In 2007, crime writers Christopher Berry-Dee and Robin Odell, while writing a book on Cannan, handed police letters they had received from Cannan from prison, which gave them a means of comparison to the original letter they had received.[47] The police found them so useful that they refused to return them to the authors when requested.[47] When interviewed, Cannan denied having ever been to Bournemouth on the day in question, but was proved to be lying through the parking tickets discovered by police.[48]

Cannan was questioned by police regarding the disappearance of 25-year-old Susannah "Suzy" Jane Lamplugh in 1989 and 1990. He wrote a letter to the local paper, Sutton News, in August 1991 denying any part in her disappearance.[49] She was officially declared dead in absentia in July 1993. In December 2000, Cannan was arrested for Lamplugh's murder and questioned, but he was not charged.[50] In November 2002, detectives said publicly that they believed he had killed Lamplugh[51] and confirmed this in 2006 when arguing against any reduction in his tariff.[3]

In November 2002, Cannan complained via his solicitors about the police publicly naming him, saying he was "devastated and distressed". He again denied killing Lamplugh.[7] His solicitor complained about a lack of presumption of innocence and that the prison service had withheld letters Cannan had tried to send to national newspapers regarding the allegations.[52]

In November 2002, Mark Dennis, a senior Treasury counsel, decided that there was insufficient evidence to charge Cannan over Ms Lamplugh's death.[3][53] Lamplugh's parents considered, but decided against, bringing a private prosecution and civil action against Cannan.[49] In July 1993, The Independent argued that the judge's sentencing statement, that Cannan should remain in prison for the rest of his natural life, removed any incentive for him to confess post-conviction.[54]

In November 2002, the police said that Cannan should have been a suspect much earlier in the investigation: they should have checked for recently released sex offenders and they should have followed up information given by her parents about a man from Bristol.[53] Cannan was released from his prison hostel three days before Lamplugh disappeared.[55] His colleagues said he often went to wine bars in Fulham, where Lamplugh worked.[11] Lamplugh was supposed to meet a "Mr Kipper" when she disappeared and Cannan was said to have used the name "Kipper" in prison.[39][3] In 2000, a new investigating team, led by Jim Dickie, computerised the card index of the case and found that several estate agents in Fulham had been visited by a Mr Kipper.[11] Cannan may have had access to a black BMW and a dark BMW was linked to Ms Lamplugh's kidnap;[51] Lamplugh was last seen getting into a BMW with a man holding champagne, which led an ex-girlfriend of Cannan, Daphne Sargent, to say that "As soon as I heard about Suzy, I knew it was John. It had all the hallmarks – right down to the champagne."[56] Cannan resembles a photofit of a man seen with Lamplugh the day she disappeared.[51] A girlfriend of Cannan said he had "a strong interest" in the case,[57] and police believe Lamplugh may have been in a relationship with Cannan.[11]

In 2007, a criminologist who had corresponded with Cannan revealed that the police re-investigations had discovered DNA evidence in a car previously owned by Cannan that showed Lamplugh had previously been inside the vehicle.[58] The criminologist had pointed out to police that Cannan had access to a red Ford Fiesta at the time Lamplugh disappeared, which police were previously unaware of.[58] Detectives subsequently attempted to find the car and discovered it in a scrap yard, before they conducted the DNA analysis on it.[58] Although these tests indicated Lamplugh had been in the car, as well as Cannan, the Crown Prosecution Service felt there was insufficient evidence to prove that they had been in the vehicle at the same time, meaning charges were unable to be brought against Cannan for her murder.[58]

In April 2001, police said that the number plate SLP 386S had been placed on Banks' Mini by Cannan and that 386 might be a grid reference, as the site Banks' body was found is near Northing Line 386 and Norton Manor Barracks is near 3° 08' 06" West.[59] When the police interviewed Cannan about the significance of the number plate on the Mini, he acknowledged that the initials could stand for Suzy Lamplugh but said a "Bristol businessman" from whom he bought the car for £100 was responsible for the deaths of Lamplugh, Banks and another woman. Asked if that businessman was him, he replied "Yes", but then immediately recanted.[11] Cannan allegedly told an astrologer who visited him in jail that "a Bristol businessman" murdered Lamplugh and that "I know who killed Shirley, Suzy and another girl".[59]

Cannan's ex-girlfriend Gilly Paige told police, as early as 1990,[60] that he had said Lamplugh's body was buried at Norton Barracks, although she later retracted the assertion.[3][55] In December 1999, after a letter was sent to Lamplugh's mother, Diana, claiming Suzy was buried there, a five-day search by more than 30 officers in and around the former site of the barracks, in December 2000, failed to find her body.[61]

In February 2001, the Metropolitan Police searched the barracks site again.[62] In April 2001, the police realised that it was possible the barracks named were actually Norton Manor Royal Marines barracks in Somerset, 8 miles from where Banks' body was found.[59] In April 2001, a cellmate of Cannan said that Lamplugh was buried under the patio of Cannan's mother's house in Sutton Coldfield.[63] In October 2018, police officers returned to the house and dug up the garden.[64][65] After two weeks of searching the garden and an area under a garage, the Metropolitan Police confirmed that no evidence had been recovered.[66]

In August 2010, they searched a field three miles from the site in Worcestershire after a witness remembered seeing a mound of earth there in 1986, when he was a teenager. The police used ground-penetrating radar,[62] and trenches were dug by the side of the road between Pershore and Drakes Broughton, Worcestershire. At the same time they also searched woodland in the Quantock Hills, where Shirley Banks' body was found.[27]

In July 1989, he failed to persuade the High Court to stop the BBC broadcasting a Crimewatch UK documentary on the investigation into the murder of Banks.[74] A case he took to the High Court in January 2003, claiming that his right to "free and unimpeded" legal advice was being restricted, failed.[75] In June 2009, he lodged another case at the High Court for alleged human rights breaches; he claimed that his ineligibility for a sexual offences treatment programme, due to his continued claim of innocence, was illegal.[35] He appealed for his 35-year minimum tariff to be reduced, but Mr Justice Coulson ruled against this in June 2008 because his crimes involved "a significant degree of planning and premeditation" and there were "no real mitigating factors at all".[2][67]