Muthyala Theophilus

Theophilus hailed from Krishna District and schooled at Gunnanapudy, a mission station of the Canadian Baptist Ministries and during the course of his scholastic studies, he was transferred from one place to the other, first to Akiveedu in 1907, Samalkot in 1908 and finally to Kakinada in 1912 to the CBM-McLaurin High School.[1] For collegiate studies, Theophilus enrolled at the local Pitapuram Rajah College in Kakinada in 1915 and also taught as a Teacher in 1917 at his alma mater, the CBM-McLaurin High School.[1]

In 1919,[12] the Canadian Baptist Ministries sent Theophilus to the Serampore College, Serampore to pursue spiritual studies leading to Bachelor of Divinity.[1] Theophilus lived in the old Danish town studying at the theological faculty at Serampore College which also had students studying for arts, science and commerce under George Howells, then principal of the historical college. The study companions of Theophilus included P. K. Abraham, V. T. Chacko, M. I. Daniel, A. Hyder Ali, J. S. Choudhary, G. M. Kanagaratnam, D. Naik and P. Premanandan.[12] After nearly three years of spiritual formation studies, Theophilus took ill in 1922[12] and was sent to the Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Madanapalle where he spent nearly a year between 1922 and 1923 recuperating from his illness. In October 1923, Theophilus returned to Serampore in 1924[12] to complete his graduate studies.[1] A year later, the university awarded the degree of B.D. to Theophilus in the ensuing convocation during the Registrarship of The Rev. John Drake.

Madanapalli, the place where the Church of South India-Sanatorium is located. Theophilus was first admitted here during 1922–1923.

In July 1924, Theophilus moved to Ramayapatnam, a mission station of the American Baptists in southern Andhra Pradesh. Incidentally, the Canadian Baptists initiated their mission together with the American Baptists during the 19th century. Though the Canadian Baptists moved to Kakinada and started a stand-alone mission in 1874 on the invitation of Thomas Gabriel, and also started a seminary in 1882, it was shut down in 1920 and the existing students and faculty were transferred to Ramayapatnam. Theophilus, who joined the faculty of the Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary in 1924, stayed on in Ramayapatnam teaching seminarians until 1926.[1]

In 1926,[13] the seminary in Kakinada was revived[13] leading to the recall of the Canadian Baptist faculty from Ramayapatnam. Theophilus moved from Ramayapatnam to Kakinada in East Godavari District where he taught at the Baptist Theological Seminary from 1926 onwards along with C. Bhanumurthy. Theophilus joined the seminary in 1926 and served under three Principals, namely, J. B. McLaurin, Gordon P. Barss, and Archibald Gordon. It was during this period that a young aspirante, A. B. Masilamani[14] joined the seminary and would later on became a major contributor to the Church. Theophilus and his companions, Chetti Bhanumurthy, Gordon P. Barss, and Archibald Gordon worked towards university affiliation that required a rigorous academic regimen which was already in place at the seminary. In 1946,[15] the university granted affiliation[13] to the Baptist Theological Seminary which then began offering courses leading to Licentiate in Theology[1] which also saw an increased uptake with a record number of 46[4] admissions that year.

Theophilus taught at the seminary for nearly twenty years until he died suddenly in 1946 while being on duty within the portals of the seminary[1] leading to untold grief and sadness that engulfed the seminary and the CBCNC which the Indian Church History Review puts it as,[4]

A great blow and great sadness came to the Seminary in 1946 in the death of Theophilus.[4]

Theophilus was an examiner to the All India Sunday School Association (formerly Union) of the National Council of Churches in India.[1]

In 1939, Theophilus was elected President[4] of the Christian Endeavour Societies' Union of India, Burma and Ceylon and had been instrumental in organizing Christian Endeavour meetings in East Godavari district since 1932.[1]

Theophilus was involved[6] in efforts to form the Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars to work together with the Canadian Baptist Ministries. Theophilus believed in the Indian ethos and conceived[16] a team comprising the Canadians and the Indians working towards the Christian mission of the Church with the clergy in the lead.

In 1947, when the Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars was formed, the Clergy led[17] the Society in line with the wishes of Theophilus. At one point of time, A. B. Masilamani who happened to be a student of Theophilus also became President of the CBCNC in 1959.[17] After nearly 25 years of the formation of the CBCNC, successive leaderships disregarded the clergy with the Laity in the lead, leading to obvious conflict of interest on the part of the Laity who showed scant regard to the Christian mission leading to a plethora of lawsuits[18] and legal recourse[18] leading to chaotic disruptions in the Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars resulting in an irrevocable crisis that brewed in 1972 that caught the attention of Research Scholars, especially M. B. Diwakar who undertook a study titled, An Investigation into the historical antecedents of the crisis in the CBCNC during 1972 to 1974.[19]

In 1942,[2] Theophilus became a Senator of the Senate of Serampore College (University) representing the Baptists of India in the Senate[1] coinciding with the Registrarship and Principalship led by The Rev. C. E. Abraham and The Rev. G. H. C. Angus respectively.[20]

The period 1942–1946 when Theophilus was Senator of the university was a crucial one and managing a university during that period required great amounts of courage, patience and persistence on part of the Senators as the Second World War was already underway and India unwittingly became a participant in the World War II fighting the advance of the Japanese who launched the 'Operation U-Go' assisted by Netaji Subash Chandra Bose of the Azad Hind Fauj in the South-East Asian Theatre and as a consequence, it led to the Bengal famine of 1943 during which lakhs died[21] as the Government sought a major portion of the harvest to help sustain the food supplies of the British Indian Army.

As for the Senate of Serampore College (University), the period has been termed by Prof. K. R. Chatterjee as a 'period of exile'[20] as the British Indian Army sought[20] the premises of Serampore College for use as a makeshift hospital[20] and in the ensuing year in 1943,[20] the whole college premises was made use of the military authorities. In such a situation, the Senate of Serampore College (University) had no option but to house the university and its college in makeshift premises at multiple locations, at the Serampore Union Institution[20] on Bhattacharya Street, a rented house in Church Street,[20] both in Serampore, at rented portions in Chandernagore,[20] a French colony situated nearly 20 kilometres upstream of Hooghly river in the northerly direction of Serampore and also at Calcutta on Lower Circular Road.[20]

In spite of the difficulties, the academics and administration of the university went on and in 1942 Serampore College, the constituent college of the university, became a co-education institution where women students were admitted in the Arts-Science-Commerce Department, a new venture undertaken by the Senators of the university which also experimented with oral tests as paper became a scarce commodity,[22] an initiative which grew out of dire need but became successful.[20]

As for the library of the constituent college of the university, all the books on its stacks were moved in riverboats upstream to Chandernagore and students also assisted in efforts to relocate the library in its entirety.[20] However, when the French sought the building where the university was housed, the library had to be moved back to Serampore in 1945 and was housed in the CNI-St. Olave's Church.[20]

Though the Second World War ended in September 1945, it was not until 1946[20] that the Serampore College premises was handed back to the university authorities and gargantuan efforts[20] were made by the Senators to restore the college back to its old glory as the premises was in an unkempt shape.[20] Prof. K. R. Chatterjee records that by July 1946,[20] Serampore College was able to open its academic year in its usual manner. Meanwhile, the British Empire as a prelude to the Independence of India sent a Cabinet Mission to India in 1946 and the same year, the city of Calcutta witnessed the worst ever communal riots and during the succeeding year in August 1947, Bengal was partitioned.

During the period when Theophilus was Senator (1942–1946), the administration of the university was carried out from Chandernagore[20] and the Senators managed to hold one convocation there in 1944[20] during the war period. Many seminaries in India which were affiliated to the university at that time and the ministerial candidates who studied during that period emerged as responsible Clergy who went on to assume key leadership roles in the Church in India who included A. E. Inbanathan[5] and C. Arangaden,[5] both of whom served the Bible cause through the Bible Society of India, Joshua Russell Chandran[5] and Stanley Jedidiah Samartha[5] who served the cause of theological education, B. G. Prasada Rao[5] and G. S. Luke[5] who led the Church of South India in their respective Dioceses in Telangana, Philipose Mar Chrysostom[5] who became the longest-serving[23] Bishop in India and others.

Theophilus was a member of the Student Christian Movement and became President of the Andhra Pradesh Unit of the SCMI in 1939 and led many college students to active membership.[1]

Sunset View at Dowleswaram Godavari. Theophilus was admitted at the AELC-Sanatorium during 1936.

In 1931,[24] Theophilus became Honorary President[24] of the Andhra Baptist Church in the neighbourhood of the Seminary in Kakinada and held the position for four years until 1934 coinciding with the Pastorships of The Rev. C. Prakasam and Pastor P. Premanandam.[24]