NGC 891

NGC 891 (also known as Caldwell 23, the Silver Sliver Galaxy, and the Outer Limits Galaxy) is an edge-on unbarred spiral galaxy about 30 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered by William Herschel on October 6, 1784.[3] The galaxy is a member of the NGC 1023 group of galaxies in the Local Supercluster. It has an H II nucleus.[4]

NGC 891
NGC 891, as taken with amateur equipment
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationAndromeda
Right ascension02h 22m 33.4s[1]
Declination+42° 20′ 57″[1]
Redshift528 ± 4 km/s[1]
Distance27.3 ± 1.8 Mly (8.4 ± 0.5 Mpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)10.8[1]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)b?[1]
Apparent size (V)13′.5 × 2′.5[1]
Other designations
UGC 1831, PGC 9031,[1] Caldwell 23

The object is visible in small to moderate size telescopes as a faint elongated smear of light with a dust lane visible in larger apertures.

In 1999, the Hubble Space Telescope imaged NGC 891 in infrared.

In 2005, due to its attractiveness and scientific interest, NGC 891 was selected to be the first light image of the Large Binocular Telescope.[5][6] In 2012, it was again used as a first light image of the Lowell Discovery Telescope with the Large Monolithic Imager.[7]

Supernova SN 1986J was discovered on August 21, 1986 at apparent magnitude 14.[8]

Properties

NGC 891 looks as the Milky Way would look like when viewed edge-on (some astronomers have even noted how similar to NGC 891 our galaxy looks as seen from the Southern Hemisphere[9]) and, in fact, both galaxies are considered very similar in terms of luminosity and size;[10] studies of the dynamics of its molecular hydrogen have also proven the likely presence of a central bar.[11] Despite this, recent high-resolution images of its dusty disk show unusual filamentary patterns. These patterns are extending into the halo of the galaxy, away from its galactic disk. Scientists presume that supernova explosions caused this interstellar dust to be thrown out of the galactic disk toward the halo.[12]

It may also be possible that the light pressure from surrounding stars causes this phenomenon.[13]

A close-up infrared Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image of NGC 891. Credit: HST/NASA/ESA

The galaxy is a member of a small group of galaxies, sometimes called the NGC 1023 Group. Other galaxies in this group are the NGCs 925, 949, 959, 1003, 1023, and 1058, and the UGCs 1807, 1865 (DDO 19), 2014 (DDO 22), 2023 (DDO 25), 2034 (DDO 24), and 2259.[14] Its outskirts are populated by multiple low-surface brightness, coherent, and vast substructures, like giant streams that loop around the parent galaxy up to distances of approximately 50 kpc. The bulge and the disk are surrounded by a flat and thick cocoon-like stellar structure. These have vertical and radial distances of up to 15 kpc and 40 kpc, respectively,[15] and are interpreted as the remnant of a satellite galaxy disrupted and in the process of being absorbed by NGC 891.[16]

NGC 891 (north part) close-up by HST, 3.24′ view. Credit: NASA/STScI/WikiSky

NGC 891 appears alongside M67, the Sombrero Galaxy, the Pinwheel Galaxy, NGC 5128, NGC 1300, M81, and the Andromeda Galaxy in the end credits of the Outer Limits TV series, which is why it is occasionally called the Outer Limits Galaxy.[17][18][19][20]

The soundtrack of the 1974 film Dark Star by John Carpenter features a muzak-style instrumental piece called "When Twilight Falls on NGC 891".[21]

The first solo album by Edgar Froese, Aqua, also released in 1974, contained a track called "NGC 891". Side 2 of the album, which included this track, was unusual in having been a rare example of a commercially issued piece of music recorded using the artificial head system.

See also

References
  1. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 891. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
  2. J. L. Tonry; A. Dressler; J. P. Blakeslee; E. A. Ajhar; et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): 681–693. arXiv:astro-ph/0011223. Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T. doi:10.1086/318301. S2CID 17628238.
  3. Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 891". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  4. Ho, Luis C.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Sargent, Wallace L. W. (October 1997). "A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 112 (2): 315–390. arXiv:astro-ph/9704107. Bibcode:1997ApJS..112..315H. doi:10.1086/313041. S2CID 17086638.
  5. "First Light Information". Large Binocular Telescope Observatory. 2008. Archived from the original on 9 July 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  6. "LBT "First Light" Image of NGC 891". Archived from the original on 2015-02-28. Retrieved 2015-02-28.
  7. Vitron, Tom. "Lowell's NSF-funded Large Monolithic Imager sees first light". Lowell Observatory. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  8. "List of Supernovae". Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (IAU). Retrieved 2010-05-19.
  9. The Milky Way in relation to other galaxies
  10. Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2003). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
  11. Garcia-Burillo, S.; Guelin, M. (1995). "The distorted kinematics of molecular gas in the center of NGC 891". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 299: 657. Bibcode:1995A&A...299..657G.
  12. Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (3 July 2002). "Interstellar Dust Bunnies of NGC 891". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  13. "NGC 891 in Andromeda". Wilhelm-Förster Observatory, Berlin. 2001. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  14. "NGC 891". SEDS. 2009. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  15. Mouhcine; Ibata; Rejkuba (2010). "A panoramic view of the Milky Way analogue NGC 891". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (1): L12–L15. arXiv:1002.0461. Bibcode:2010ApJ...714L..12M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/L12. S2CID 119245924.
  16. Shih, Hsin-Yi; Méndez, Roberto H. (2010). "Possible Stellar Streams in the Edge-on Spiral NGC 891 Discovered from Kinematics of Planetary Nebulae". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 725 (1): L97–L100. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725L..97S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/725/1/L97.
  17. Bakich, Michael E. "The Outer Limits universe". Astronomy.com. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  18. "NGC891 - The Outer Limits Galaxy | Barry Etter". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  19. ""Please Stand By" - The ORIGINAL opening titles to "The Outer Limits!!"". Youtube. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  20. "GB The Outer Limits end credits with music". Youtube. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  21. The Cinema of John Carpenter. Wallflower Press. 2004. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-904764-14-4.
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