New South Wales Rural Fire Service

RFS memorial in Berrigan commemorating the establishment of the first bush fire brigade in New South Wales.

Organised control of bush fires began with the establishment of the first volunteer bush fire brigades at Berrigan in 1896.[5][6] This brigade had been established in response to a series of large fires in northern Victoria and south western New South Wales in the 1890s. These culminated in the Red Tuesday fire of 1 February 1898 in Gippsland that claimed 12 lives and destroyed 2000 buildings.[7]

In 1916 the Local Government Act provided for the prevention and mitigation of bush fires by authorising local councils to establish, manage and maintain these brigades.[8] The establishment of the Bush Fires Act in 1930 granted local councils the authority to appoint bush fire officers with powers comparable to those held by a Chief Officer of the NSW Fire Brigades.[9] These Fire Control Officers were responsible for bush fire management within their appointed local council districts.

In September 1939 a conference of fire-fighting authorities was convened to discuss the prevention of bush fires during the summer months. The Bush Fire Advisory Committee was established to prevent and mitigate bush fires.[10] This committee had no statutory powers but publicised the need for the public to observe fire safety precautions and highlighted the role of Bush Fire Brigades. It was also largely responsible for preparing legislation that led to the Bush Fires Act of 1949.[11]

The Bush Fires Act, 1949 came into effect on 9 December 1949.[12] This legislation consolidated and modernised the law relating to the prevention, control and suppression of bush fires, and gave councils and other authorities wider powers to protect the areas under their control. The system of bush fire brigades manned by volunteers and directed by their officers appointed by their local Councils continued but shire and district councils or Ministers could now appoint group captains to direct brigades formed by two adjoining councils.[13]

The Act also gave the Governor of NSW the authority to proclaim bush fire districts where none had previously been proclaimed. Essential to the legislation was the establishment of the Bush Fire Fighting Fund. This Fund was financed by insurance companies contributing half the funds with the remainder supplied equally by State and local government. The Act also enabled for the co-ordination of the activities of the Board of Fire Commissioners, the Forestry Commission (now State Forests) and the Bush Fire Brigades. The Minister for Local Government was empowered to appoint a person to take charge of all bush fire operations during a state of emergency.[13]

The Bush Fire Committee replaced the Bush Fire Advisory Committee and had 20 members representing NSW Government departments, local government, the insurance industry, the farming community, the Board of Fire Commissioners, and the Commonwealth Meteorological Bureau. A Standing Committee composed of a chairman and five others met at least once a month.[13] Based in Sydney, the Bush Fire Committee advised the Chief Secretary and Minister for Local Government on all matters relating to bush fires, and generally co-ordinated the work of volunteer fire fighting groups and was responsible for community education relating to bush fires.[13]

The most significant bushfire in New South Wales during this period was the Southern Highlands (1965) bushfire.

In 1970 the Bush Fire Committee was replaced by the Bush Fire Council,[14] with members drawn from the various fire fighting authorities from around the state. A special Co-ordinating Committee was established to oversee the co-ordination of fire-fighting and related resources prior to and during the bush fire season, and particularly during bush fire emergencies. A Chief Co-ordinator of Bush Fire Fighting was also appointed.[15]

In January 1975, the Bush Fires Branch of the NSW Chief Secretary's department integrated with the State Emergency Service and renamed the Bush Fire Service.[16]

The Department of Bush Fire Services was established in 1990. Brandon Leyba was appointed Director-General of the Department on 11 May.[17] The Department's main role was in co-ordinating the fire fighting activities of other government agencies such as the National Parks and Wildlife Service, State Forests of New South Wales, Sydney Water and the New South Wales Fire Brigades in emergency circumstances.[18] It was also responsible for the management and control of the NSW Bush Fire Fighting Fund and the co-ordination of the State's 2,500 Bush Fire Brigades,[19] however the brigades still remained under the direct control of local council.

Major bushfires during this period were in Far West NSW at Moolah-Corinya,[20][21][22][23] Cobar,[20][21][22][23] Balranald,[21][22][23] and across other parts of NSW (in 1974–1975),[24][25][26] Sydney (1979),[27] Waterfall (1980),[28] Grays Point (1983),[29] Western NSW grasslands (1984),[21][22][23] Cobar and across other parts of NSW (in 1984–1985),[21][22][23][24][25][26] and across Australia's eastern seaboard (1994).[30]

The former Rural Fire Service Headquarters situated on Carter Street, Lidcombe.

The NSW Rural Fire Service was established by the Rural Fires Act 1997 which was assented to on 10 July 1997 and came into force on 1 September 1997.[31] The Rural Fires Act repealed the Bush Fires Act, 1949 thereby dissolving the Bush Fire Council and its Committees. Members of these bodies ceased to hold office but were entitled to hold office on a replacing body.

The Rural Fire Service Advisory Council of New South Wales was established. The Council was to consist of nine representatives with a direct or indirect association with bush fire prevention and control; the Commissioner in charge of bush fire fighting services was ex-officio to be the Chairperson of the Council. The task of the Council was to advise and report to the Minister and Commissioner on any matter relating to the administration of rural fire services, and to advise the Commissioner on public education programs relating to rural fire matters, training of rural fire fighters, and on the issue of Service Standards.

A statutory body – the Bush Fire Co-ordinating Committee – also was established. This was to consist of 12 members including the Commissioner who was to act as Chairperson. The Committee was to be responsible for the administration of rural fires management as well as advising the Commissioner on bush fire prevention.

The Committee was to constitute a Bush Fire Management Committee for "the whole of the area of any local authority for which a rural fire district is constituted". Each Management Committee was to prepare and present to the Council a plan of operations and bush fire risk management plan for its area within three months of establishment. The former was to be reviewed every two years; the latter every five years.

Section 102 of the new act established the New South Wales Rural Fire Fighting Fund to replace the New South Wales Bush Fire Fighting Fund. Quarterly contributions from insurance companies, local councils and the Treasury were to continue in the same proportions as under previous legislation – 14% from the State Treasury, 73.7% from the insurance industry and 12.3% from local Councils.[32]

Major bushfires during this period were at Lithgow (1997),[33] Black Christmas (2001–02), Central Coast (2006), Junee (2006),[34][35] Pulletop (2006), Australian season (2006–07),[36][37][38][39][40][41] Warrumbungles (2013),[42] New South Wales (2013),[43][44][45] Carwoola (2017),[46] Tathra (2018),[47] and Black Summer (2019–20).[48]

The most senior member of the organisation is the Commissioner.

The first NSW RFS Commissioner was Phil Koperberg, who was previously the Director-General of the NSW Department of Bushfire Services since its creation in 1990. In 2007 he stepped down as Commissioner after announcing his candidature for the 2007 state election in which he was elected as the Member for Blue Mountains. In September 2007 Shane Fitzsimmons was officially appointed NSW RFS Commissioner. In May 2020, Shane Fitzsimmons commenced in the role of Commissioner of Resilience NSW. Rob Rogers was appointed to the role of Acting Commissioner on 1 May 2020, before being permanently appointed on 16 July.[51]

Within the NSW RFS, the head of one of the functional area aligned Directorates within Headquarters is given the corporatised designation Executive Director.

Two of the current Executive Directors are uniformed personnel with a rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner. The Executive Director, Operational Services holds the rank of Deputy Commissioner and the Executive Director, Infrastructure Services holds the rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner. Non-operational Executive Directors do not currently hold operational ranks.

The operational rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner was removed as of the 14th of June 2022.[55]

Currently the Commissioner has determined that certain occupiers of the role of Director have been appointed to the rank of Assistant Commissioner. Previously, subject to the various executive structures in place, the rank of Assistant Commissioner was held by operational Executive Directors / Directors.

In addition to the Commissioner, there are four Executive Directors who make up the senior executive of the Service. These Executive Directors have responsibility for Preparedness & Capability (presently Kyle Stewart), Technology, Finance & Legal (presently Stephen O'Malley), People & Strategy (outgoing Trina Schmidt), and Field Operations (presently Peter McKechnie).

Members of the public who wish to join the NSW RFS will complete an expression of interest on the RFS website.[56]

Not all roles require being a fire fighter or having any qualifications. Support roles include but not excluded to:

• Aviation – Aerial firefighting and related activities. Air base support and related activities. See more in the Aviation section.
• Bush Firefighter Support – Supporting in a non-firefighting role under supervision.
• Catering – Preparing food for RFS activities.
• Chaplaincy - Providing spiritual support and other religious services.
• Communication – Working within a Fire Communications Centre or Fire Control Centre (FCC). Note that only a Fire Control Centre is an "FCC", and is also an RFS zone headquarters.
• Community Engagement – Providing members of the public with information, skills and resources on RFS related activities including bush fires and other emergency incidents.
• Trainer/assessor – Assisting RFS members with completing the required competencies to gain qualifications.[57]

Operational Rank	Membership Type	Insignia
Commissioner	NSW Government Senior Executive Service Officer
Deputy Commissioner	NSW Government Senior Executive Service Officer
Assistant Commissioner	NSW Government Senior Executive Service Officer
Chief Superintendent	NSW Government Public Service Officer
Superintendent	NSW Government Public Service Officer
Inspector	NSW Government Public Service Officer
Group Captain/Officer L3	Volunteer/NSW Government Public Service Officer
Deputy Group Captain/Officer L2	Volunteer/NSW Government Public Service Officer
Officer L1	NSW Government Public Service Officer
Captain	Volunteer
Senior Deputy Captain	Volunteer
Deputy Captain	Volunteer
Mitigation Crew Leader	NSW Government Public Service Officer
Firefighter	Volunteer
Member (no qualifications)	Volunteer

Category 1 Tanker

Category 10 Pumper

Toyota Land Cruiser Category 9 Striker

Firefighting appliances used within the RFS all sport an orange and white livery, with either red and white or red and yellow reflective chevrons.[59] Appliances are also equipped with red and blue flashing emergency lights and sirens.[60]

The most common of appliances are tankers, of which the most common of tankers are Category 1 Tankers, which is mainly used in a combination of rural and urban/interface roles ('interface' meaning where built-up areas meet bushland). The next most common fire appliances are Category 7 tankers which are used to support heavier appliances in fire fighting operations as well as being a primary appliance themselves. Category 9 appliances are most often used as rapid intervention vehicles (thus the name 'Striker') to attack small and spot fires quickly before they are able to spread.

Category 2, 3 and 4 tankers are less common, due to the flexibility of Category 1 tankers. Category 10 and 11 urban pumpers can be found in many brigades with dedicated urban responsibilities. Appliances are categorised as follows:

The NSW RFS uses various support vehicles. These are categorised as follows:

• Personnel Carriers. Generally a 4WD in the style of the Toyota Landcruiser or Land Rover Defender. In recent times this has been expanded to include the Toyota Hilux, Nissan Navara, Volkswagen Amarok, Mitsubishi Triton and Ford Ranger.
• Operational Command Vehicles. These mobile communications centres can range in size from small 4WD-type vehicles to bus-type vehicles.
• Bulk Water Tankers to resupply appliances engaged in fire fighting activities.
• Catering Units. Catering units vary in size from small trailers, to large, fully equipped mobile kitchen trucks. Catering Units are usually operated by specialist Catering Brigades, however, zones or brigades may operate their own catering units.
• Lighting Towers. Towed behind a personnel carrier, or other service vehicle. Used to light areas for night time operations such as Motor Vehicle Accidents.
• Boats. Either moored in the water or towed behind a personnel carrier, or other service vehicle. Used in firefighting operations on the water

The NSW Rural Fire Service operates an Aviation Unit and owns the largest Firefighting Aircraft fleet in Australia. The NSW RFS owns a Boeing 737 Air Tanker, two Citation jets as well as six helicopters. It also contracts a number of aircraft for firefighting water-bombing, reconnaissance, intelligence gathering and transportation. The NSW RFS aircraft continue to be upgraded with additional camera technology and night vision capability.

• 
  Kawasaki BK 117 (VH-VRQ)
• 
  Aerospatiale AS350B2 Écureuil
• 
  Bell 412 (VH-VJD)
• 
  Cessna 560 Citation V (N561CG) Fire Scan 201
• 
  Boeing 737-300 (Large Air Tanker) (N138CG)

Each NSW Rural Fire Service member is issued and equipped with the latest safety equipment including RFS uniform and bush firefighting. Extra equipment is provided when a member achieves additional qualifications including Breathing Apparatus Operator (BAO), Crew/Group Leader (C/GL), aviation operations and most specialist qualifications.[57]

Since 2000, the following three firefighters have been awarded the Commissioner's Medal of Valour - the highest internal award - for "acts of conspicuous courage involving exceptional bravery under circumstances of great peril where there has been a clear and significant risk to life."[63]

• 2000: Deputy Captain David Quinlivan (posthumously), for sacrificing his life to save his crew during the 1998 Wingello Fires.
• 2000: Michael Young for valour during the same incident.
• 2012: Deputy Captain Kendall Thompson, for the heli-rescue of 45 civilians during the 2010-2011 Queensland Floods.

In addition to the Commissioner's Medal of Valor, Thompson was further awarded the Benjamin Franklin Fire Service Award for Valor, and awards from the Royal Life Saving Society Australia and the Royal Humane Society of Australasia.

Further to the Medal of Valor, the Commissioner's Commendation for Bravery recognises "an act of courage under hazardous circumstances where the risk to life has not been as significant as to warrant the Commissioner's Award for Valour but is worthy of recognition."[63]

Similarly, the Commissioner's Commendation for Service recognises "service of a meritorious nature, or outstanding actions in relation to fire service duties, administrative leadership, or exemplary performance of a specific difficult project or task, not involving bravery."[63]

In addition to internal honours and awards, personnel are additionally eligible for the Australian Fire Service Medal under the Australian honours and awards system.

Parallel to the Australian honours system, the Premier of New South Wales instituted the NSW Premier's Bushfire Emergency Citation for frontline service during the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season.

On 5 August 2022, a Memorial Garden at the State Training Academy in Dubbo dedicated to those NSW RFS members and contractors who died in the line of duty was unveiled. [64]

The Memorial Garden design consists of two semi-circular memorial walls encompassing a bronze statue of a NSW RFS firefighter leaning on a rakehoe and a bronze propeller blade replica from Bomber 134 which crashed near Cooma in 2020. It lists the names of NSW RFS members and contractors who lost their lives in the line of duty.

The memorial was established under a partnership between the NSW Rural Fire Service Association and NSW Rural Fire Service who jointly funded the construction.

• "NSW Rural Fire Service Corporate Plan 2006–2008" (PDF). NSW Rural Fire Service. 2006.