Najran Province

Najran (Arabic: نجران Najrān) is a region of Saudi Arabia, located in the south of the country. It has an area of 149,511 km². Its capital is Najran.

Najran
Region
منطقة نجران
Map of Saudi Arabia with Najran highlighted
Map of Saudi Arabia with Najran highlighted
Country Saudi Arabia
CapitalNajran
Boroughs8
Government
 • GovernorJiluwi bin Abdulaziz bin Musaed bin Jiluwi Al Saud[1]
 • Vice GovernorTurki bin Hathlul bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Area
 • Total149,511 km2 (57,727 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Total505,652
 • Density3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi)
ISO 3166-2
10

Najran is inhabited by the Yam tribe. A significant percentage of the province's inhabitants are Shia Ismaili.[2] The current governor of the region is Prince Jiluwi bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.

Etymology

The name derives from Najran Ibn Zaidan Ibn Saba' Ibn Yashgub Ibn Yarub Ibn Qahtan, said to be the first person to inhabit the area.

Geography

Najran contains three geographical areas. First, the flat area which lies in the middle of Najran. It has several valleys, the most famous of them being Najran’s valley. Second, the mountainous area which is in the west and the north. There the weather is moderate in summer. It has several parks shaded by nabk trees. It has important governorate centers: Habuna governorate, Badr El-Junoob governorate and Yadmah governorate; the latter governorate won King Fahd’s attention because it has mineral wealth. The most important of all is the gold area where much gold was mined that lies in El-Johns area, which follows Safah center. Many of the mountains are distinguished by granite rocks, where marble and granite are quarried, providing a large part of the Kingdom’s needs. Third, the sandy area which lies in the east and is a part of the Empty Quarter. It is extremely rich in oil and water.

Governorates
  • Al Khirkhir (4,015)
  • Badr Al Janub (11,117)
  • Hubuna (20,400)
  • Khubash (22,133)
  • Najran (329,112)
  • Sharurah (85,977)
  • Thar (16,047)
  • Yadamah (16,851)
  • Al-Wadiah (5,000)

Najran Valley Dam

Najran Valley Dam is considered to be one of the most important civil places in Najran Region because of its position and scenery. It is 35 km from Najran town. On this dam, there is a road 4.5 meters wide. It was built from concrete blocks, and has a system of water pipes which keeps the water cold.

As-Saud Waterfall

As-Saud Waterfall is located in Najran, and can be seen from a considerable distance away.

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1992300,994—    
2004420,345+2.82%
2010507,106+3.18%
2018595,705+2.03%
source:[3]

Governors of Najran

Religious groups in Najran

Najran, a fertile valley in what is now southwestern Saudi Arabia at the foot of mountains bordering the vast stretch of desert known as the Empty Quarter, was traditionally home to Christian and Jewish communities, in addition to Sulaymani Ismailis and Zaidis. Christians have been absent from Najran for some centuries, and the remaining Jewish community is yemenite jews that migrated to najran and have left in 1949, following the establishment of the state of Israel. Najran's Zaidi community in 2008 numbers around 2,000.[4]

The 2004 Saudi census put the number of inhabitants in Najran at around 408,000. Sulaymani Ismailis, widely believed to constitute a large majority of the Najrani population, share an identity based on historical, cultural, and religious roots. In Najran city, the Khushaiwa compound, with its Mansura mosque complex, is the spiritual capital of the Sulaymani branch of the Ismaili sect, one of two major strands of contemporary Ismailism. Most Ismailis in Najran belong to one of two tribes: Yam and the Hamdan. These tribes also inhabit territory that today lies in Yemen Although they identify that they're originally from Saudi Arabia. There are also some Sunnis of the Yam tribe, both recent converts as well as those who have adhered to Sunni Islam for centuries.[4]

Ancient Christian community
Main article: Christian community of Najran

Najran is known for being home to an ancient settlement of Christians in the Arabian peninsula. They signed the "Najran Pact" in the 7th century with the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, promising them fair treatment as "protected subjects" (dhimmi) of the newly conquered territories. The village is now abandoned.[5]

Culture

Cuisine

The local dishes in Najran include:

  • Al-Burr: a breakfast meal which consists of bread made from wheat and flour, it is mixed and given the round ball shape and a hole is made to put milk, honey or dates in it
  • Al-Wafed: a thick kind of bread made of wheat and is also made in round shape, it is served in Al-Matrah beside Al-Marg
  • Al-Maasooba: made of corn flour meshed and some soup added is to make it soft, and it is usually served in a special ceremonies
  • Ar-Ruksh: a soft kind of bread which comes in the shape of slice and it is served in the pot made of stone and then it is mixed with the soup
  • Al-Margoog: consists of dough which is cut into small slices and it is cooked with soup and vegetables

Folk arts

Najran has some folk arts including traditional clay techniques. The houses are built of light tan clay in the shape of a rectangle. On the other hand, Najran has different kinds of traditional dance. For example, Al-Zamil which is an enthusiastic kind of poetry refers to special occasion in which so many men share together in the middle of a circle formed by old men. The stanzas of Al-Zamil are chosen carefully to express the subject for the occasion. Furthermore, Al-Zamil is considered to express emotions, and some time for apologies. Al-Razffah describes a dance which is used for wedding, or for happy occasions. Choirs come into rows and they sing poetry. Al-Razffah has a special time and special voice. Between the two rows two men meet each other and they dance in specific movements holding stilettos or sticks in their hands. Also there is another art that is (Laa'bat Ateran) done by black men.

Mass shootings of ethiopian refugees

Since 2014 refugees get killed after crossing the saudi border by the Saudi Border Guard. Since 2023 at least several hundred ethiopian refugees are killed at the border between yemen and the provinces Jazan, Asir and Najran. The saudis also used explosive weapons.[6][7]

See also

References
  1. Najran Official page
  2. Ana Echagüe; Edward Burke (June 2009). "'Strong Foundations'? The Imperative for Reform in Saudi Arabia" (PDF). FRIDE (Spanish Think-tank organization). pp. 1–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
  3. "Saudi Arabia: Regions & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de.
  4. "The Ismailis of Najran" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. September 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  5. Frankfurter, David (1998). Pilgrimage and holy space in late antique Egypt. BRILL. p. 388. ISBN 978-9004111271.
  6. "Saudi Arabia: Mass Killings of Migrants at Yemen Border". Human Rights Watch. 2023-08-21. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  7. Beaumont, Peter (2023-08-21). "'Fired on like rain': Saudi border guards accused of mass killings of Ethiopians". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  • Minosa, Tchekof. Najran: Desert Garden of Arabia. Paris: Scorpio Editer, n.d
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