Nasdaq-100

The index set highs above the 4,700 level at the peak of the dot-com bubble in 2000, but fell 78% during the stock market downturn of 2002.[8]

After a gradual 5-year recovery to an intraday high of 2,239.51 on October 31, 2007, the highest reached since February 16, 2002, the index corrected below the 2,000 level in early 2008 amid the late-2000s recession, the United States housing bubble and the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Panic focusing on the failure of the investment banking industry culminated in a loss of more than 10% on September 29, 2008, subsequently plunging the index firmly into a bear market. The Nasdaq-100, with much of the broader market, experienced a limit down open on October 24 and reached a 6-year intraday low of 1,018 on November 20, 2008.

Amid quantitative easing (QE) from the Federal Reserve and optimism that the financial crisis was ending, the index embarked on a volatile four-year climb higher, closing above 3,000 on May 15, 2013, for the first time since November 15, 2000. By October 18, 2013, with GOOG passing $1,000 per share for the first time, the index had made a closing high of 3,353.88 and intraday high of 3,355.63, its highest levels since the 2000 United States elections and more than triple the 2008 low.

The following table shows the annual development of the Nasdaq-100 since 1985.[11]

While the composition of the Nasdaq-100 changes in the case of delisting (such as transferring to another exchange, mergers and acquisitions, or declaring bankruptcy, and in a few cases, being delisted by Nasdaq for failing to meet listing requirements), the index is rebalanced once a year, in December, when Nasdaq reviews its components, compares them with those not in the index, re-ranks all eligible companies and makes the appropriate adjustments.

There are two tools the Nasdaq uses to determine the market values of companies for the annual review:

• Share Prices as of the last trading day in October.
• Publicly announced share totals as of the last trading day of November.

Those components that are in the top 100 of all eligible companies at the annual review are retained in the index. Those ranked 101 to 125 are retained only if they were in the top 100 of the previous year's annual review. If they fail to move into the top 100 in the following year's review, they are dropped. Those not ranked in the top 125 are dropped regardless of the previous year's rank.

The index also drops a company if, at the end of two consecutive months, it fails to have an index weighting of at least one-tenth of a percent. This can occur at any time. Companies that are dropped are replaced by those with the largest market value that are not already in the index. Anticipation of these changes can lead to changes in the stock prices of affected companies.

The index publicly announces all changes, regardless of when they occur, via press releases at least five business days before the change takes place. The 2018 results of the re-ranking and rebalancing were announced on December 14, with the changes effective the morning of December 24, coinciding with the expiration of options on December 21.

As of November 2022, 500 companies have been components of the index. Of these, only four, Apple, Costco (through its merger in 1993 with Price Club, with Costco, as a separate entity, not becoming a component until at least 1989), Intel and PACCAR, have been components, continuously, since the first dissemination of the index in 1985. Two other current components, KLA Corporation and Micron Technology, were also components when the index started, but have been removed from the index over time for various reasons.[13]

DirecTV replaced BEA Systems on April 30,[14] CA, Inc. replaced Tellabs on May 19.[15] FLIR Systems replaced UAL Corporation on July 21,[16] and on November 10 Seagate Technology replaced Monster Worldwide.[17] On December 22, 2008, Nasdaq added the following companies to the Nasdaq-100 index: Automatic Data Processing, First Solar, Life Technologies, Ross Stores, Maxim Integrated Products, Illumina, Inc., Pharmaceutical Product Development, O'Reilly Auto Parts, Urban Outfitters, J. B. Hunt, and Warner Chilcott, replacing Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Cadence Design Systems, Discovery Communications, Lamar Advertising Company, Leap Wireless International, Level 3 Communications, PetSmart, SanDisk, Sirius XM Radio, Virgin Media, and Whole Foods Market.[18]

On January 20, 2009, News Corporation was added to the index, replacing Focus Media Holding, which did not meet the minimum monthly weight requirements.[19] On July 17, 2009, Cerner replaced Sun Microsystems after Sun Microsystems was acquired by Oracle Corporation. On October 29, 2009, Priceline.com replaced Juniper Networks after Juniper transferred its listing to the NYSE.[20] On December 21, 2009, seven stocks joined the Nasdaq-100 index before the market open: Vodafone, Mattel, BMC Software, Mylan, Qiagen, SanDisk and Virgin Media. These stocks replaced Akamai Technologies, Hansen Natural, IAC/InterActiveCorp, Liberty Global, Pharmaceutical Product Development, Ryanair and Steel Dynamics.[21]

On December 20, 2010, seven companies were added to the Nasdaq-100 index: F5 Networks, Akamai Technologies, Netflix, Micron Technology, Whole Foods Market, Ctrip and Dollar Tree, replacing Cintas, Dish Network, Foster Wheeler, Hologic, J. B. Hunt, Logitech and Patterson Companies.[22] These were the only changes made to the index that year and the fewest since 1997.

On April 4, 2011, Alexion Pharmaceuticals replaced Genzyme before the market open.[23] On May 27, 2011, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters replaced Millicom International Cellular after Millicom (MICC) withdrew its Nasdaq listing.[24] On July 15, 2011, Sirius XM Radio replaced Cephalon in the index,[25] and on December 6, 2011, Perrigo joined the index, replacing Joy Global, which transferred its listing to the NYSE.[26] Perrigo had been a member of the index in the 1990s, being dropped in 1996. On December 19, 2011, five companies joined the Nasdaq-100 index due to the annual reranking of the index: Avago Technologies, Fossil, Inc., Monster Beverage (Hansen Natural Corporation), Nuance Communications, and Randgold Resources, replacing FLIR Systems, Illumina, NII Holdings, Qiagen, and Urban Outfitters.[27]

On April 23, 2012, Texas Instruments replaced First Solar . On May 30, 2012, Viacom became a component of the index, replacing Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, which transferred to the NYSE. On July 23, 2012, Kraft Foods, now known as Mondelez, became a component of the index, replacing Ctrip. Kraft Foods was the fourth component of the Nasdaq-100 to also be included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, joining Cisco Systems, Intel, and Microsoft, but was removed from the DJIA when it subsequently split into two companies. On Wednesday December 12, 2012, Facebook, Inc. was added to the index, replacing Infosys, which transferred its listing to the NYSE. On December 24, 2012, 20 changes to the index took place. The ten companies joining the index were Analog Devices, Catamaran Corporation, Discovery Communications, Equinix, Liberty Global, Liberty Media, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, SBA Communications, Verisk Analytics and Western Digital. The ten companies being dropped were Apollo Group, Electronic Arts, Flextronics, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Lam Research, Marvell Technology Group, Netflix, Research in Motion, VeriSign and Warner Chilcott.[28]

On January 15, 2013, Starz Inc. replaced Liberty Media after a spinoff. On March 18, 2013, Kraft Foods Group Inc. replaced Starz Inc.[29] On June 5, 2013, Liberty Media replaced Virgin Media after the companies merged. On June 6, 2013, Netflix replaced Perrigo, which had transferred to the NYSE. On July 15, 2013, Tesla Motors replaced Oracle Corporation, which transferred to the NYSE. On July 25, Charter Communications replaced BMC Software.[30] On August 22, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters returned to the index, replacing Life Technologies.[31] On October 29, VimpelCom Ltd. replaced DELL. On November 18, Marriott International was added to the index, replacing Randgold Resources. On December 23, 2013, 10 changes to the index took place. The five companies joining the index were DISH Network Corporation, Illumina, NXP Semiconductors, Tractor Supply Company, and TripAdvisor.[32] The five companies that were dropped were Fossil, Inc., Microchip Technology, Nuance Communications, Sears Holdings Corporation, and Dentsply.

On April 3, 2014, the Class C common stock of Google was added to the index as a result of Google's stock split. This meant the index had 101 components. Later in 2014, additional classes of stock from other index companies were added to the index, bringing the number of constituent securities in the index to 107. On December 12, 2014, Nasdaq announced that American Airlines Group, Electronic Arts, and Lam Research would be added to the index, effective December 22, replacing Expedia, Inc., F5 Networks, and Maxim Integrated Products.[33]

On March 23, Walgreens Boots Alliance replaced Equinix in the index. Equinix converted into a real estate investment trust, making it ineligible for inclusion in the Nasdaq-100, but it did gain eligibility for the Nasdaq Financial-100.[34] On July 1, Liberty Interactive created two new tracking stocks, tracking the company's interests in Latin America. Both tracking stocks were added to the index the same day. On July 2, Kraft Foods merged with Heinz, becoming the Kraft Heinz Company. Catamaran Corporation was removed from the index after the close of trading on July 23, after going private. JD.com replaced it on July 29. DirecTV was removed from the index on July 24 and replaced by BioMarin Pharmaceutical on July 27. Sigma-Aldrich was removed on July 31, after being acquired by Merck KGaA. Skyworks Solutions replaced Sigma-Aldrich on August 3.[35]

Altera was removed on October 7 as a result of its merger with Intel. Incyte replaced Altera's on that date.[36] PayPal was added to the index on November 11, as Broadcom was in the process of merging with Avago.[37]

Nasdaq announced on December 11 that seven companies would be replaced in the index on December 21 due to annual re-ranking: Ctrip, Endo International, Expedia, Inc., Maxim Integrated Products, Norwegian Cruise Line, T-Mobile US, and Ulta Beauty, replacing C. H. Robinson Worldwide, Expeditors International, Garmin, Keurig Green Mountain, Staples, Inc., VimpelCom, and Wynn ResortsTwo Liberty Media (Liberty Global plc) tracking stocks (LILA) and (LILAK) were removed from the index, leaving 106 separate components.[38]

On February 1, Avago Technologies changed its name to Broadcom Limited.[39] On February 22, CSX Corporation replaced KLA-Tencor as a member of the index.[40] On March 16, NetEase replaced SanDisk as a member of the index.[41] On April 18, Liberty Media established two tracking stocks (BATRA), (BATRK) to follow the performance of its investment in the Atlanta Braves.[42] On June 20, Dentsply Sirona returned to the index, replacing four Liberty Media tracking stocks (LMCA), (LMCK), (BATRA), (BATRK).[43] On July 18, Microchip Technology Incorporated returned to the index, replacing Endo International plc.[44] On October 19, Shire PLC replaced Linear Technology in the index.[45] On December 9, the annual re-ranking of the index was announced, resulting in four changes. Joining the index December 19 were Cintas, Hasbro, Hologic and KLA-Tencor. Bed Bath & Beyond, NetApp, Stericycle and Whole Foods Market were dropped from the index.[46]

On February 1, Tesla Motors changed its corporate name to simply Tesla.[47] On February 7, J. B. Hunt replaced NXP Semiconductors in the index.[48] On March 20, Idexx Laboratories replaced SBA Communications in the index after SBA converted to a REIT, rendering it ineligible for inclusion.[49] On April 24, Wynn Resorts replaced TripAdvisor.[50] On June 19, MercadoLibre replaced Yahoo! Inc due to its acquisition by Verizon and subsequent conversion to a closed-end fund.[51] On October 23, Align Technology replaced Mattel in the index.[52] On December 8, Nasdaq announced that five companies would enter the index on December 18. They were ASML Holding, Cadence Design Systems, Synopsys, Take-Two Interactive, and Workday, Inc. These companies replaced Akamai Technologies, Discovery Communications - both classes listed in the index (DISCA) (DISCK), Norwegian Cruise Lines, Tractor Supply and Viacom.[53]

On July 23, PepsiCo replaced Dish Network.[54] On November 5, NXP Semiconductors replaced CA, which merged with Broadcom.[55] On November 19, Xcel Energy replaced Dentsply Sirona.[56] On December 14, Nasdaq announced that 6 stocks will join the index on December 24: Advanced Micro Devices, lululemon Athletica, NetApp, United Continental Holdings, Verisign, and Willis Towers Watson, replacing Express Scripts, Hologic, Qurate Retail Group, Seagate Technology, Shire and Vodafone.[57]

On March 19, the two classes of stock of Fox Corporation replaced the two classes of stock of 21st Century Fox. On November 21, Exelon Corporation replaced Celgene.[58] On December 13, Nasdaq announced that as a result of the annual re-ranking of the index, six companies would join December 23: Ansys, CDW, Copart, CoStar Group, Seattle Genetics, and Splunk, replacing Hasbro, Henry Schein, J.B. Hunt, Mylan, NortonLifeLock, and Wynn Resorts.[59]

On April 20, Dexcom replaced American Airlines Group in the index,[60] and Zoom Video Communications replaced Willis Towers Watson on April 30.[61] On June 22, DocuSign replaced United Airlines Holdings,[62] and other replacements that year included Moderna replacing CoStar Group on July 20,[63] Pinduoduo replacing NetApp on August 24,[64] and Keurig Dr Pepper replacing Western Digital on October 19.[65] On December 21, six companies joined the index: American Electric Power, Atlassian, Marvell Technology Group, Match Group, Okta, and Peloton Interactive. They replaced BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Citrix Systems, Expedia Group, Liberty Global (both classes of shares), Take-Two Interactive, and Ulta Beauty.[66]

On July 21, Honeywell replaced Alexion Pharmaceuticals, following its acquisition by AstraZeneca.[67] On August 26, Crowdstrike replaced Maxim Integrated Products, which was acquired by Analog Devices.[68]

On December 10, 2021, Nasdaq announced that six new companies would join the index prior to the market open on December 20, 2021. They are Airbnb (ABNB), Datadog (DDOG), Fortinet (FTNT), Lucid Group (LCID), Palo Alto Networks (PANW), and Zscaler (ZS). They will replace CDW (CDW), Cerner (CERN), Check Point (CHKP), Fox Corporation (FOXA/FOX), Incyte (INCY), and Trip.com (TCOM).[69]

On January 24, Old Dominion Freight Line replaced Peloton.[70]

On February 2, Constellation Energy was announced as being added to the index as of the end of the previous day. Exelon, from which Constellation was spun off, remained in the index; this increased the number of companies in the index to 101 and the number of stocks to 102 (because 2 classes of Alphabet Inc. stock are in the index).[71]

On February 22, AstraZeneca replaced Xilinx, which was being acquired by AMD.[72]

On November 21, Enphase Energy replaced Okta.[73]

On December 19, the annual re-ranking of the index took place prior to market open. The six stocks joining the index were CoStar Group, Rivian Automotive, Warner Bros. Discovery, GlobalFoundries, Baker Hughes, and Diamondback Energy. They replaced Baidu, DocuSign, Match Group, NetEase, Skyworks Solutions, Splunk, and Verisign. Dropping seven components allowed the Nasdaq-100 index to once again have 100 companies.[74]

On June 7, GE HealthCare Technologies replaced Fiserv.[75]

On June 20, Onsemi replaced Rivian.[76]

On July 17, The Trade Desk replaced Activision Blizzard.[77]