Bluespine unicornfish

The bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis), also known as the short-nose unicornfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae, the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific.[3] It is occasionally found in the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 70 cm in length. It is called kala ('thorn') in Hawaii,[3] dawa in New Caledonia, and ta or tā in Fiji.[4]

Bluespine unicornfish
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Acanthuridae
Genus: Naso
Subgenus: Naso
Species:
N. unicornis
Binomial name
Naso unicornis
(Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms[2]
  • Chaetodon unicornis Forsskål, 1775
  • Acanthurus unicornis (Forsskål, 1775)
  • Monoceros biaculeatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Monoceros rain Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Naso fronticornis Lacépède, 1801
  • Harpurus monoceros Forster in Lichtenstein, 1844
  • Acronurus corniger Gronow in Gray, 1854
Naso unicornis from New Caledonia
A pair of bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis) found in shallow water coral reef area of Green Island, a coral reef ecosystem reserve in Taiwan

Taxonomy

The bluespine unicornfish was first formally described as Chaetodon unicornis by the Swedish-speaking Finnish explorer, orientalist, naturalist, and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus Peter Forsskål with its type locality given as Jeddah.[2] In 1801 the French zoologist Bernard Germain de Lacépède described a new species Naso fronticornis as a replacement name for Chaetodon unicornis, which, in 1917 David Starr Jordan designated as the type species of the genus Naso, which had first been proposed as a genus by Lacépède when he described N. fronticornis.[5] Naso is the only genus in the monogeneric subfamily Nasinae, proposed by Henry Weed Fowler and Barton Appler Bean in 1929[6] within the family Acanthuridae.[7]

Description

The bluespine unicornfish has a blueish-gray body with two blue spines on each side at the base of the tail and a short rostrum or bony horn on the forehead.[3][8] In small fish the horn is missing and males additionally have tail streamers.[3] These fish have a leather-like skin instead of scales. The bluespine unicornfish can grow up to 70 cm (28 in) with the largest one caught to be 5.8 kg (13 lb).[9][10][3]

Distribution

The bluespine unicornfish is very common in the tropical Indo-Pacific region usually occurring at temperatures between 25 and 29 °C (77 and 84 °F).[10]

Habitat

The bluespine unicornfish are a near shore fish. The juvenile tend to stay close to shore while the adults tend to live from shallow to the beginnings of the deep water staying within the upper 40 feet.[10] They tend to enjoy spots with waves or strong surges.[11] The bluespine unicornfish live often solitary on coral reefs or can be found in small schools of unicorn fish or as a part of larger schools with many other fish species.[3][10]

Diet

Bluespine unicornfish are herbivores and feed on brown and red algae with coarse or leafy blades.[11][10]

Human use and cultural significance

Bluespine unicornfish are eaten in abundance due to how common they are. They have a strong flavor and odor due to their diet. When skinned, the meat is white with a slight pink-red taint and a firm or moist texture. Bluespine unicornfish are usually eaten raw, boiled, grilled, baked or sauteed.[12]

The bluespine unicornfish or the Kala was an important food source in old Hawaii.[12] The tough skin of kala was sometimes stretched over a half coconut shell to make a small knee drum.[3] The Hawaiians also used Kala in ceremonies between members of a tribe or between tribes.[12] Today kala is still a common food source to the people of Hawaii and other Pacific Islands.

References
  1. Abesamis, R.; Clements, K.D.; Choat, J.H.; et al. (2012). "Naso unicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T177970A1506556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177970A1506556.en.
  2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Naso". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  3. Hoover, John P. (2008). The ultimate guide to Hawaiian reef fishes sea turtles, dolphins, whales, and seals. John P. Hoover. Honolulu: Mutual Pub. ISBN 978-1-56647-887-8. OCLC 243960518.
  4. Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*taRaq₂ unicorn fish: Acanthurus unicornis". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  5. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Acanthuridae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  6. Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  7. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
  8. Bray, D.J. (2019). "Naso unicornis in Fishes of Australia". Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
  9. Animal-World. "Bluespine Unicornfish". Animal World. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  10. "Bluespine Unicornfish". Georgia Aquarium. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  11. "Unicornfish". thisfish.info. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  12. Titcomb, Margaret (1972-11-01). Native Use of Fish in Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0592-0.
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